Dahlem P, Bucher H U, Ursprung T, Mieth D, Gautschi K
Klinik für Neonatologie, Universitätsspital, Zürich.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1992 Jun;140(6):354-6.
The number of newborn infants exposed to drugs in utero is on the increase in many European countries. As drug use reported by addicted pregnant women is unreliable there is a need for an accurate test to determine the drugs to which an infant has been exposed in utero. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of toxicology testing in meconium compared with traditional urine testing.
From twenty newborn infants born to drug-dependent mothers, meconium and urine were collected as soon as possible after birth and tested for drugs with the same radioimmunoassay. Five neonates were premature (Gestational weeks less than 37), six were small and three microcephalic for gestational age.
Meconium was positive for drugs in 19 infants (95%) (Methadone 9, Morphine 9, Cocaine 6, Cannabis 4). Urine testing revealed the presence of drugs in 13 babies (65%) (Methadone 9, Morphine 6, Cocaine 4, Cannabis 1, Barbiturates 1). Five infants did not have any drug withdrawal, five had mild and ten severe withdrawal symptoms necessitating treatment with chlorpromazine and in four instances additional pethidine.
Meconium is not only easier to collect but also at least as reliable as urine for drug detection in neonates.
在许多欧洲国家，子宫内接触毒品的新生儿数量呈上升趋势。由于成瘾孕妇报告的吸毒情况不可靠，因此需要一种准确的检测方法来确定婴儿在子宫内接触的毒品。本研究的目的是评估胎粪毒理学检测与传统尿液检测相比的可靠性。
从20名母亲为吸毒者的新生儿中，出生后尽快收集胎粪和尿液，并用相同的放射免疫分析法检测毒品。5名新生儿为早产儿（孕周小于37周），6名新生儿出生体重低，3名新生儿孕周与头围不符。
19名婴儿（95%）的胎粪毒品检测呈阳性（美沙酮9例、吗啡9例、可卡因6例、大麻4例）。尿液检测显示13名婴儿（65%）体内存在毒品（美沙酮9例、吗啡6例、可卡因4例、大麻1例、巴比妥类药物1例）。5名婴儿没有任何戒断症状，5名婴儿有轻微戒断症状，10名婴儿有严重戒断症状，需要用氯丙嗪治疗，4例还需要使用哌替啶。
对于新生儿毒品检测，胎粪不仅更容易收集，而且至少与尿液一样可靠。
