Grossman Murray, Koenig Phyllis, Kounios John, McMillan Corey, Work Melissa, Moore Peachie
Department of Neurology-2 Gibson, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA.
Neuroimage. 2006 Apr 15;30(3):1003-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.046. Epub 2006 Jan 18.
Much work has investigated the neural representation of specific categories of knowledge, but relatively scant attention has been paid in the cognitive neuroscience literature to the semantic processes that contribute to semantic memory. In this study, we monitored regional cortical activity with fMRI while healthy young adults evaluated visually displayed NATURAL KIND, ARTIFACT, and ABSTRACT nouns with two standard tasks: Typicality judgments and Pleasantness judgments. We observed a significant interaction effect between the category of knowledge and the type of judgment used to evaluate members of these semantic categories. Typicality judgments recruited greater temporal-occipital activation relative to Pleasantness judgments of the same category, and this was seen for comparisons of all three semantic categories. However, when contrasted with Typicality judgments, Pleasantness judgments activated a different anatomic distribution for each semantic category. These findings are consistent with a dynamic approach to semantic memory that includes at least two components: semantic knowledge and semantic processes that interpret this knowledge in several ways depending on the particular semantic challenge.
许多研究致力于探究特定知识类别的神经表征，但认知神经科学文献中对语义记忆所涉及的语义过程关注相对较少。在本研究中，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）监测健康年轻成年人的局部皮质活动，同时他们通过两个标准任务评估视觉呈现的自然类别、人工制品和抽象名词：典型性判断和愉悦度判断。我们观察到知识类别与用于评估这些语义类别成员的判断类型之间存在显著的交互作用。与同一类别的愉悦度判断相比，典型性判断在颞枕叶区域引发了更强的激活，并且在所有三个语义类别的比较中均观察到这一现象。然而，与典型性判断相比，愉悦度判断在每个语义类别中激活了不同的解剖分布。这些发现与语义记忆的动态模型一致，该模型至少包括两个成分：语义知识和根据特定语义挑战以多种方式解释该知识的语义过程。
