Carbonne Anne, Astagneau Pascal
CCLIN Paris-Nord, institut biomédical des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris.
Rev Prat. 2005 Nov 30;55(18):1983-9.
Legionella pneumophila is a microorganism present in water and able to develop pneumoniae through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Legionnaires'disease is rare (1000 cases per year in France) concerning particularly people with risk factors, but potentially with severe prognosis (lethality 15-20%). The diagnosis was recently facilitated by the introduction of urinary antigen test. Hospital is the most frequent place where L. pneumophila were acquired; however the proportion of nosocomial cases is decreasing since 2001. The associated mortality is higher for hospital acquired cases than for community acquired cases. Several official guidelines were written about prevention of legionnaires' disease. Primary prevention is essentially based on control and maintaining of water-distribution system. Secondary prevention should be a prompt response to identification of a case in order to find the source of Legionella and to protect immunocompromised persons.
嗜肺军团菌是一种存在于水中的微生物，可通过吸入受污染的气溶胶引发肺炎。军团病较为罕见（法国每年有1000例），尤其在有风险因素的人群中出现，但预后可能较为严重（致死率为15%-20%）。尿液抗原检测的引入最近使得诊断更加容易。医院是感染嗜肺军团菌最常见的场所；然而，自2001年以来，医院获得性病例的比例正在下降。医院获得性病例的相关死亡率高于社区获得性病例。已经制定了几项关于预防军团病的官方指南。一级预防主要基于对水分配系统的控制和维护。二级预防应在发现病例后迅速做出反应，以找到军团菌的来源并保护免疫功能低下的人群。
