Modulation by interferon alpha and gamma of the expression of a melanoma-associated antigen detected by autologous antibody.

Interferons (IFN) are known to alter the expression of histocompatibility and tumour-associated antigens. We have reported the isolation and purification of a 66-kD melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) that is recognized by the host. Competitive binding with MAA reduced autologous antibody binding to five melanoma cell lines, suggesting that a similar antigen is detected by other patients with melanoma. Nine melanoma cell lines were incubated for 3 days with 0.01-100 units/ml of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and the maximum titre of autologous antibody reactivity was determined by protein A haemadsorption. Incubation with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma resulted in a decrease in maximum titre of autologous antibody reactivity directed against all melanoma cell lines. A 3-day incubation of three melanoma cell lines with IFN-gamma augmented the expression of HLA-DR, as has been reported by others. Incubation with spent media from autologous melanoma cells exposed to IFN-alpha inhibited autologous antibody binding less than control media from melanoma cells to which no IFN was added, indicative of decreased production or internalization of MAA. Conversely, incubation with spent media obtained after exposure to IFN-gamma inhibited autologous antibody binding to a greater degree than control spent media, consistent with increased shedding of antigen. These results suggest that IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma down-regulate the expression of MAA detected by autologous antibody by different mechanisms of action.