Klonoff David C
Mills-Peninsula Diabetes Research Institute, San Mateo, California 94401, USA.
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2003 Dec;1(2):94-100.
The management of type 1 diabetes is being advanced by innovations in glucose measurement, development of an artificial pancreas, and in alternate routes of insulin delivery. Emerging technologies will allow insulin to be delivered more effectively. In the future, patients with type 1 diabetes will receive insulin in optimal quantities (because of more information about blood glucose values) at optimal times (because of better integration of blood glucose values with appropriate insulin dosages) by way of optimal routes into the body (because of needle-free routes of administration) in order to achieve optimal blood glucose control. Emerging technologies for improved care of patients with type 1 diabetes include: 1. new methods for monitoring glucose, including noninvasive, minimally invasive, continuous, and alternate site measurement technologies; 2. new methods for integrating glucose values and insulin dosages, known as the artificial pancreas; and 3. new routes of insulin administration, including inhaled, oral, buccal, nasal, and transdermal drug delivery systems. These new technologies will facilitate proper treatment of type 1 diabetes and improve the lives of affected patients.
血糖测量技术的创新、人工胰腺的研发以及胰岛素给药途径的多样化，推动了1型糖尿病管理的进步。新兴技术将使胰岛素的给药更加有效。未来，1型糖尿病患者将能够通过最佳途径（无针给药）在最佳时间（由于血糖值与适当胰岛素剂量的更好整合）获得最佳剂量的胰岛素（由于更多关于血糖值的信息），从而实现最佳的血糖控制。用于改善1型糖尿病患者护理的新兴技术包括：1. 监测血糖的新方法，包括无创、微创、连续和替代部位测量技术；2. 整合血糖值和胰岛素剂量的新方法，即人工胰腺；3. 胰岛素给药的新途径，包括吸入、口服、颊部、鼻腔和透皮给药系统。这些新技术将有助于1型糖尿病的合理治疗，改善患者的生活。
