Putyatin Yuri V, Seraya Taisa M, Petrykevich Oksana M, Howard Brenda J
Laboratory of Radioecology, Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry (BRISSA), Kazintsa str. 62, 220108 Minsk, Belarus.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2006 Mar;44(4):289-98. doi: 10.1007/s00411-006-0026-7. Epub 2006 Jan 31.
The uptake of (137)Cs and (90)Sr by six varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was compared in field trials on land contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. All the experimental varieties are officially adopted for agricultural use in Belarus and are used in large-scale production. Under identical conditions of nutrition, the productivity of the varieties varied significantly by a factor of 1.3. The extent of (137)Cs and (90)Sr accumulation by wheat grain, quantified as the concentration ratio, differed between the varieties by as much as a factor of 1.6, for both radionuclides. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the (90)Sr activity concentration in grain and straw, and the calcium concentration. The correlation between (137)Cs and potassium was not significant. The results suggest that certain varieties of spring wheat used in normal agricultural practice accumulate less (137)Cs and (90)Sr into grain than others. Some spring wheat varieties accumulated relatively less (137)Cs, but did not accumulate less (90)Sr. One variety, Quattro, had a significantly lower uptake of both (90)Sr (for grain) and (137)Cs (for both grain and straw) than that of the other varieties tested. The reduction efficiency achieved by the use of these varieties, however, is not as high as that achieved by soil amelioration techniques in the past. Nevertheless, since there are no additional costs or production losses associated with these varieties, their use in the contaminated areas is worth considering as a simple, practical, and effective contribution to reducing the uptake of both (90)Sr and (137)Cs and allowing farmers to produce food-grade grain.
在切尔诺贝利事故污染土地上进行的田间试验中，比较了六个春小麦（普通小麦）品种对¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰Sr的吸收情况。所有试验品种均已被白俄罗斯官方批准用于农业生产并大规模种植。在相同营养条件下，各品种的生产力差异显著，相差1.3倍。以浓度比量化的小麦籽粒对¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰Sr的积累程度，在各品种间相差高达1.6倍，两种放射性核素均如此。籽粒和秸秆中⁹⁰Sr活度浓度与钙浓度之间存在显著的线性正相关。¹³⁷Cs与钾之间的相关性不显著。结果表明，正常农业生产中使用的某些春小麦品种籽粒积累的¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰Sr比其他品种少。一些春小麦品种积累的¹³⁷Cs相对较少，但⁹⁰Sr积累量并不少。一个品种Quattro对⁹⁰Sr（籽粒中）和¹³⁷Cs（籽粒和秸秆中）的吸收量明显低于其他测试品种。然而，使用这些品种所实现的削减效率不如过去土壤改良技术所达到的效率高。尽管如此，由于使用这些品种不会产生额外成本或生产损失，因此在污染地区使用它们，作为减少⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs吸收以及让农民生产食品级谷物的一种简单、实用且有效的方法，值得考虑。
