Ryan N D, Williamson D E, Iyengar S, Orvaschel H, Reich T, Dahl R E, Puig-Antich J
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992 Jul;31(4):600-5. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00004.
Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies utilizing population and family study samples have found evidence for a secular increase in major affective disorders in adults. Applying techniques used in cross-sectional studies in adults to family study data of children and adolescents, the authors demonstrate evidence of a parallel secular increase for child and adolescent onset affective disorders. Normal and depressed prepubertal probands were identified. All full siblings were directly interviewed for lifetime episodes of affective disorder. Analysis of the siblings (probands not further analyzed in this article) by the Cox proportional hazards model demonstrates that the risk for affective disorder is higher in siblings born more recently.
利用人群和家庭研究样本进行的纵向和横断面研究均发现，成年人中主要情感障碍呈长期上升趋势。作者将横断面研究中用于成年人的技术应用于儿童和青少年的家庭研究数据，证明儿童和青少年期情感障碍也有类似的长期上升趋势。确定了青春期前正常和抑郁的先证者。对所有同胞进行直接访谈，了解其情感障碍的终生发作情况。通过Cox比例风险模型对同胞（本文未进一步分析先证者）进行分析表明，较晚出生的同胞患情感障碍的风险更高。
