Szpinda Michał, Brazis Paweł, Elminowska-Wenda Gabriela, Wiśniewski Marcin
Department of Normal Anatomy, the Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
Ann Anat. 2006 Jan;188(1):25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2005.08.014.
In prenatal and pediatric cardiovascular surgery knowledge of luminal diameters of the aortic and great pulmonary pathways is essential. The internal diameters of the aortic and great pulmonary pathways in 131 human foetuses (65 male, 66 female) were studied by means of anatomical, digital and statistical methods. During foetal development the absolute diameters revealed a linear increase. Correlation coefficients between these diameters and foetal age were statistically significant (P< or =0.05) for each age group and reached following values: r1 = 0.70 for the aortic bulb, r2 = 0.79 for the ascending aorta, r3 = 0.77 for the aortic isthmus, r4 = 0.79 for the descending aorta, r5 = 0.63 for the pulmonary trunk, r6 = 0.36 for the arterial duct, r7 = 0.46 for the right pulmonary artery and r8 = 0.49 for the left one. Diameters of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk indicated the relative increase in the values. A different tendency was observed for the internal diameters of the arterial duct and both pulmonary arteries, which were relatively decreased with increased foetal age. The largest diameter was observed in the arterial duct, the intermediate--in the right pulmonary artery and the smallest--in the left pulmonary artery. The cross-sectional area of the descending aorta was equal to the sums of the sectional areas of the aortic isthmus and the arterial duct (r9 = 0.97). The cross-sectional area of the pulmonary trunk was equal to the sums of the sectional areas of the both pulmonary arteries and the arterial duct (r10 = 0.91).
在产前和小儿心血管外科手术中，了解主动脉和大肺动脉通路的管腔直径至关重要。采用解剖学、数字和统计学方法研究了131例人类胎儿（65例男性，66例女性）的主动脉和大肺动脉通路的内径。在胎儿发育过程中，绝对直径呈线性增加。各年龄组这些直径与胎儿年龄之间的相关系数具有统计学意义（P≤0.05），并达到以下值：主动脉球部r1 = 0.70，升主动脉r2 = 0.79，主动脉峡部r3 = 0.77，降主动脉r4 = 0.79，肺动脉干r5 = 0.63，动脉导管r6 = 0.36，右肺动脉r7 = 0.46，左肺动脉r8 = 0.49。主动脉和肺动脉干的直径显示出数值的相对增加。观察到动脉导管和两条肺动脉的内径有不同的趋势，随着胎儿年龄的增加，它们相对减小。动脉导管的直径最大，右肺动脉次之，左肺动脉最小。降主动脉的横截面积等于主动脉峡部和动脉导管横截面积之和（r9 = 0.97）。肺动脉干的横截面积等于两条肺动脉和动脉导管横截面积之和（r10 = 0.91）。
