Sereno Anne B, Briand Kevin A, Amador Silvia C, Szapiel Susan V
Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006 Jan;28(1):145-66. doi: 10.1080/13803390590929298.
The superior colliculus (SC) plays a central role in the control of saccadic eye movements and has also been implicated in control of covert spatial attention. While there is a growing body of evidence from studies of awake behaving primates that supports these proposals, direct evidence from humans has been sparse. In the present study we tested a patient with thiamine deficiency and a lesion of the SC, who performed both eye movement tasks (prosaccades and antisaccades, with or without a gap) and a covert spatial attention task assessing inhibition of return (IOR). For eye movements, the gap effect was disrupted, and abnormal saccade metrics occurred, with reflexive eye movements being disrupted moreso than voluntary eye movements. Each of these effects resolved coincident with thiamine treatment. The covert attention task revealed a complete absence of IOR. The unequal disruption of voluntary and reflexive eye movements supports the idea that oculomotor responses can be generated in an independent fashion by frontal cortical and lower level neural systems. The role of the SC and other structures in these orienting processes is discussed.
上丘（SC）在控制眼球扫视运动中起核心作用，并且也被认为与隐蔽空间注意力的控制有关。虽然来自清醒灵长类动物行为研究的证据越来越多，支持了这些观点，但来自人类的直接证据却很少。在本研究中，我们测试了一名患有硫胺素缺乏症且上丘有损伤的患者，该患者完成了眼球运动任务（向前扫视和反向扫视，有或没有间隙）以及一项评估返回抑制（IOR）的隐蔽空间注意力任务。对于眼球运动，间隙效应被破坏，出现了异常的扫视指标，反射性眼球运动比自主性眼球运动受到的干扰更大。这些效应在硫胺素治疗后均得到缓解。隐蔽注意力任务显示完全没有IOR。自主性和反射性眼球运动的不同程度干扰支持了这样一种观点，即动眼反应可以由额叶皮质和较低水平的神经系统以独立的方式产生。本文讨论了上丘和其他结构在这些定向过程中的作用。
