Stein Judith A, Nyamathi Adeline, Ullman Jodie B, Bentler Peter M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2007 Jan;11(1):87-98. doi: 10.1007/s10461-005-9058-2.
Studies among normative samples generally demonstrate a positive impact of marriage on health behaviors and other related attitudes. In this study, we examine the impact of marriage on HIV/AIDS risk behaviors and attitudes among impoverished, highly stressed, homeless couples, many with severe substance abuse problems. A multilevel analysis of 368 high-risk sexually intimate married and unmarried heterosexual couples assessed individual and couple-level effects on social support, substance use problems, HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived HIV/AIDS risk, needle-sharing, condom use, multiple sex partners, and HIV/AIDS testing. More variance was explained in the protective and risk variables by couple-level latent variable predictors than by individual latent variable predictors, although some gender effects were found (e.g., more alcohol problems among men). The couple-level variable of marriage predicted lower perceived risk, less deviant social support, and fewer sex partners but predicted more needle-sharing.
针对正常样本的研究通常表明，婚姻对健康行为及其他相关态度具有积极影响。在本研究中，我们考察了婚姻对贫困、压力极大的无家可归夫妇（其中许多人存在严重药物滥用问题）的艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险行为及态度的影响。对368对处于高风险的有性亲密关系的已婚和未婚异性恋夫妇进行的多层次分析评估了个体和夫妻层面因素对社会支持、药物使用问题、艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识、感知到的艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险、共用针头、使用避孕套、多个性伴侣以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病检测的影响。尽管发现了一些性别效应（例如，男性的酒精问题更多），但夫妻层面的潜在变量预测因素比个体潜在变量预测因素能解释更多保护和风险变量的差异。夫妻层面的婚姻变量预示着较低的感知风险、较少的异常社会支持以及较少的性伴侣，但预示着更多的共用针头行为。
