Moreno J L, Navarro C, De Las Heras J
Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua (CREA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de las Peñas, km 3, Albacete 02071, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2006 Oct;143(3):388-96. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.012. Epub 2006 Feb 2.
Physico-chemical water quality in five of Spain's main rivers was assessed during the years 2001-2003. A previous physiographical river typology was carried out by applying System B of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) which distinguished four main river ecotypes: calcareous headwaters, siliceous rivers, plain rivers, and large rivers. The physiographical classification into river ecotypes also corresponded to distinct hydrochemical types. Reference values of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate fitted for local river ecotypes surpassed only slightly the natural and background levels established by the European Environmental Agency (EEA, 2003). Half of the sampled sites were above the limits established as reference conditions. Additionally, concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate increased when more percentage of land was dedicated to agriculture and less to forest land.
2001年至2003年期间，对西班牙五条主要河流的物理化学水质进行了评估。此前通过应用《水框架指令》（2000/60/CE）的B系统进行了一次自然地理河流类型划分，该系统区分了四种主要的河流生态类型：钙质源头河流、硅质河流、平原河流和大型河流。河流生态类型的自然地理分类也对应于不同的水化学类型。适用于当地河流生态类型的铵、硝酸盐和磷酸盐参考值仅略高于欧洲环境局（EEA，2003年）确定的自然和背景水平。一半的采样点超出了作为参考条件设定的限值。此外，当用于农业的土地比例增加而用于林地的比例减少时，铵、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的浓度会升高。
