Eatough Jones Michele, Paine Timothy D
Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2006 Oct;143(3):377-87. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.013. Epub 2006 Feb 3.
The forests surrounding the urban areas of the Los Angeles basin are impacted by ozone and nitrogen pollutants arising from urban areas. We examined changes in the herbivore communities of three prominent plant species (ponderosa pine, California black oak and bracken fern) at six sites along an air pollution gradient. Insects were extracted from foliage samples collected in spring, as foliage reached full expansion. Community differences were evaluated using total herbivore abundance, richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity, and discriminant function analysis. Even without conspicuous changes in total numbers, diversity or richness of herbivores, herbivore groups showed patterns of change that followed the air pollution gradient that were apparent through discriminant function analysis. For bracken fern and oak, chewing insects were more dominant at high pollution sites. Oak herbivore communities showed the strongest effect. These changes in herbivore communities may affect nutrient cycling in forest systems.
洛杉矶盆地城区周边的森林受到城区产生的臭氧和氮污染物的影响。我们沿着空气污染梯度在六个地点研究了三种主要植物物种（黄松、加州黑栎和蕨菜）的食草动物群落变化。在春季树叶完全展开时，从采集的树叶样本中提取昆虫。使用食草动物的总丰度、丰富度、香农 - 韦纳多样性和判别函数分析来评估群落差异。即使食草动物的总数、多样性或丰富度没有明显变化，但通过判别函数分析可以看出，食草动物群体呈现出随空气污染梯度变化的模式。对于蕨菜和栎树，在高污染地点咀嚼性昆虫更为占主导地位。栎树的食草动物群落受到的影响最强。食草动物群落的这些变化可能会影响森林系统中的养分循环。
