Sharma Leena, Kapoor Dipali, Issa Sakeba
Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Mar;18(2):147-56. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000209426.84775.f8.
As the most common arthritis and a leading cause of chronic disability, osteoarthritis is associated with substantial cost to the individual and to society. Epidemiologic studies have supplied, in addition to incidence, prevalence and risk factor data, much of what is known about the natural history of osteoarthritis.
Especially given the anticipated increase in osteoarthritis prevalence, the need to identify risk factors for incident osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis progression, osteoarthritis-associated physical function decline, and disability is a high priority. As this review illustrates, the emphasis has shifted in osteoarthritis epidemiology towards the identification of risk factors for osteoarthritis progression rather than incidence.
Several risk factors for progression are emerging, many of which are impairments or pathology in the local joint organ environment. This shift in focus relates in part to the concept that local risk factors might ultimately be targeted to delay osteoarthritis progression or to enhance the effect of a disease-modifying drug.
骨关节炎作为最常见的关节炎以及慢性残疾的主要原因，给个人和社会带来了巨大的成本。流行病学研究除了提供发病率、患病率和风险因素数据外，还提供了许多关于骨关节炎自然史的已知信息。
特别是考虑到骨关节炎患病率预计会增加，识别新发骨关节炎、骨关节炎进展、骨关节炎相关身体功能下降和残疾的风险因素是当务之急。正如本综述所示，骨关节炎流行病学的重点已从识别骨关节炎发病率的风险因素转向识别骨关节炎进展的风险因素。
几种进展的风险因素正在显现，其中许多是局部关节器官环境中的损伤或病理情况。这种重点的转变部分与以下概念有关，即局部风险因素最终可能成为延缓骨关节炎进展或增强疾病修饰药物效果的靶点。
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