Lehman Shawn M, Rajaonson Andry, Day Sabine
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Am J Primatol. 2006 Mar;68(3):293-9. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20224.
Forest edges are dynamic zones characterized by the penetration (to varying depths and intensities) of conditions from the surrounding environment (matrix) into the forest interior. Although edge effects influence many tropical organisms, they have not been studied directly in primates. Edge effects are particularly relevant to lemurs because of the highly fragmented forest landscapes found in Madagascar. In this study, data are presented regarding how the densities of six lemur species (Avahi laniger, Cheirogaleus major, Eulemur rubriventer, Hapalemur griseus griseus, Microcebus rufus, and Propithecus diadema edwardsi) varied between six 500-m interior transects and six 500-m edge transects in the Vohibola III Classified Forest in SE Madagascar. Diurnal (n = 433) and nocturnal (n = 128) lemur surveys were conducted during June-October 2003 and May-November 2004. A. laniger, E. rubriventer, and H. g. griseus exhibited a neutral edge response (no differences in densities between habitats). M. rufus and P. d. edwardsi had a positive edge response (higher densities in edge habitats), which may be related to edge-related variations in food abundance and quality. Positive edge responses by M. rufus and P. d. edwardsi may ultimately be detrimental due to edge-related anthropogenic factors (e.g., hunting by local people). The negative edge response exhibited by C. major (lower densities in edge habitats) may result from heightened ambient temperatures that inhibit torpor in edge habitats.
森林边缘是动态区域，其特征是周围环境（基质）的条件以不同深度和强度渗透到森林内部。尽管边缘效应影响许多热带生物，但尚未在灵长类动物中进行直接研究。由于马达加斯加发现的森林景观高度破碎，边缘效应与狐猴特别相关。在本研究中，呈现了关于马达加斯加东南部沃希博拉三世分类森林中六个500米内部样带和六个500米边缘样带之间六种狐猴物种（毛耳侏儒狐猴、大倭狐猴、红腹美狐猴、灰鼠狐猴指名亚种、红倭狐猴和冕狐猴爱德华兹亚种）密度变化的数据。在2003年6月至10月和2004年5月至11月期间进行了昼行性（n = 433）和夜行性（n = 128）狐猴调查。毛耳侏儒狐猴、红腹美狐猴和灰鼠狐猴指名亚种表现出中性边缘反应（不同栖息地之间密度无差异）。红倭狐猴和冕狐猴爱德华兹亚种有正边缘反应（边缘栖息地密度较高），这可能与边缘相关的食物丰度和质量变化有关。红倭狐猴和冕狐猴爱德华兹亚种的正边缘反应最终可能因边缘相关的人为因素（例如当地人的捕猎）而有害。大倭狐猴表现出的负边缘反应（边缘栖息地密度较低）可能是由于边缘栖息地环境温度升高抑制了蛰伏。
