Giskes Katrina, Turrell Gavin, van Lenthe Frank J, Brug Johannes, Mackenbach Johan P
Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2006 Feb;9(1):75-83. doi: 10.1079/phn2005758.
To examine the influence of individual- and area-level socio-economic characteristics on food choice behaviour and dietary intake.
The city of Eindhoven in the south-east Netherlands.
A total of 1339 men and women aged 25-79 years were sampled from 85 areas (mean number of participants per area = 18.4, range 2-49). Information on socio-economic position (SEP) and diet was collected by structured face-to-face interviews (response rate 80.9%). Individual-level SEP was measured by education and household income, and area-level deprivation was measured using a composite index that included residents' education, occupation and employment status. Diet was measured on the basis of (1) a grocery food index that captured compliance with dietary guidelines, (2) breakfast consumption and (3) intakes of fruit, total fat and saturated fat. Multilevel analyses were performed to examine the independent effects of individual- and area-level socio-economic characteristics on the dietary outcome variables.
After adjusting for individual-level SEP, few trends or significant effects of area deprivation were found for the dietary outcomes. Significant associations were found between individual-level SEP and food choice, breakfast consumption and fruit intake, with participants from disadvantaged backgrounds being less likely to report food behaviours or nutrient intakes consistent with dietary recommendations.
The findings suggest that an individual's socio-economic characteristics play a more important role in shaping diet than the socio-economic characteristics of the area in which they live. In this Dutch study, no independent influence of area-level socio-economic characteristics on diet was detected, which contrasts with findings from the USA, the UK and Finland.
研究个体及区域层面的社会经济特征对食物选择行为和饮食摄入的影响。
荷兰东南部的埃因霍温市。
从85个区域抽取了1339名年龄在25至79岁之间的男性和女性(每个区域的参与者平均人数 = 18.4,范围为2至49)。通过结构化面对面访谈收集社会经济地位(SEP)和饮食信息(应答率80.9%)。个体层面的SEP通过教育程度和家庭收入来衡量,区域层面的贫困程度使用一个综合指数来衡量,该指数包括居民的教育程度、职业和就业状况。饮食根据以下方面进行衡量:(1)一个反映对饮食指南遵守情况的食品杂货指数;(2)早餐消费情况;(3)水果、总脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量。进行多水平分析以研究个体及区域层面的社会经济特征对饮食结果变量的独立影响。
在对个体层面的SEP进行调整后,未发现区域贫困对饮食结果有明显趋势或显著影响。个体层面的SEP与食物选择、早餐消费和水果摄入量之间存在显著关联,来自弱势背景的参与者报告符合饮食建议的食物行为或营养素摄入量的可能性较小。
研究结果表明,个体的社会经济特征在塑造饮食方面比其居住地区的社会经济特征发挥着更重要的作用。在这项荷兰研究中,未检测到区域层面的社会经济特征对饮食有独立影响,这与美国、英国和芬兰的研究结果形成对比。