Williams B J
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 96062, USA.
Hum Biol. 2005 Aug;77(4):421-31. doi: 10.1353/hub.2005.0070.
Past considerations of kin selection have assumed a dyadic fitness exchange relationship between altruist and recipient. This approach does not account for all alleles affected by altruistic behavior. This can be corrected by focusing on matings rather than on individuals. I present a model that tries to account for fitness changes resulting from altruistic acts, not only for the altruist and recipient but also for their spouses, in an evolving population. Results from this model indicate that Hamilton's rule fails to predict when the altruism allele will increase in frequency and, more important, suggest that kin selection can, at most, account for low levels of a gene for altruism but only if fairly extreme conditions are met.
过去对亲缘选择的考量假定利他者与受助者之间存在二元适应性交换关系。这种方法没有考虑到受利他行为影响的所有等位基因。通过关注交配而非个体可以对此进行修正。我提出了一个模型，该模型试图解释在一个不断进化的种群中，利他行为所导致的适应性变化，不仅涉及利他者和受助者，还包括他们的配偶。该模型的结果表明，汉密尔顿法则无法预测利他主义等位基因何时会在频率上增加，更重要的是，这表明亲缘选择最多只能解释低水平的利他基因，但前提是要满足相当极端的条件。
