In summary, recent light microscopic studies, complemented by immunocytochemical and cytogenetic techniques, have demonstrated profound differences in the etiology, morphology, and clinical behavior of various forms of GTD. In addition, in vitro studies combined with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of normal trophoblast have provided new insight into the factors that coordinate the interactions of trophoblastic and maternal cells at the implantation site and have elucidated some of the mechanisms that regulate normal trophoblastic invasion. Analysis of the studies of normal and neoplastic trophoblast suggests that each of the specific forms of GTD is related to discrete pathologic aberrations occurring at different stages of gametogenesis and placentation. The results of these studies are examined in light of what is known about the pathobiology of GTD and are correlated with the histologic classification of GTD developed by the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists under the auspices of the World Health Organization.
总之，近期的光学显微镜研究，辅以免疫细胞化学和细胞遗传学技术，已证明各种形式的妊娠滋养细胞疾病（GTD）在病因、形态和临床行为方面存在显著差异。此外，体外研究结合对正常滋养层细胞的免疫组织化学和超微结构分析，为协调植入部位滋养层细胞与母体细胞相互作用的因素提供了新的见解，并阐明了一些调节正常滋养层细胞侵袭的机制。对正常和肿瘤性滋养层细胞的研究分析表明，GTD的每种特定形式都与配子发生和胎盘形成不同阶段出现的离散病理异常有关。根据已知的GTD病理生物学知识对这些研究结果进行了审视，并与世界卫生组织支持下的国际妇科病理学家协会制定的GTD组织学分类相关联。
