Doniger Stephanie J, Sharieff Ghazala Q
Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital and Health Center/University of California-San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5075 San Diego, CA 92123-4282, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Feb;53(1):85-105, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2005.10.004.
Arrhythmias in children are less common than in adults but are increasing because of successful repair of congenital heart diseases. Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common symptomatic pediatric tachyarrhythmia. Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation in children are attributed largely to structural heart disease. Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate less than the lower limit of normal for a child's age, and the most common cause is sinus bradycardia. Despite the infrequent occurrence of arrhythmias, it is crucial to expeditiously identify and treat certain rhythm abnormalities because they can lead to further decompensation.
儿童心律失常比成人少见，但由于先天性心脏病的成功修复，其发生率正在上升。室上性心动过速是最常见的有症状的小儿快速心律失常。儿童心房扑动和心房颤动很大程度上归因于结构性心脏病。心动过缓定义为心率低于儿童年龄正常下限，最常见的原因是窦性心动过缓。尽管心律失常发生率不高，但迅速识别和治疗某些节律异常至关重要，因为它们可能导致进一步失代偿。
