Ordered molecular assemblies of substituted bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth complexes on Au(111): in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical studies.

Substituted bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth complexes ML2 (M = Y and Ce; L = [Pc(OC8H17)8]2, where Pc = phthalocyaninato) were adsorbed onto single crystalline Au(111) electrodes from benzene saturated with either YL2 or CeL2 complex at room temperature. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to examine the structures and the redox reactions of these admolecules on Au(111) electrodes in 0.1 mol dm(-3) HClO4. The CVs obtained with YL2- and CeL2-coated Au(111) electrodes respectively contained two and three pairs of redox peaks between 0 and 1.0 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode). STM molecular resolution revealed that YL2 and CeL2 admolecules were imaged as spherical protrusions separated by 2.3 nm, which suggests that they were oriented with their molecular planes parallel to the unreconstructed Au(111)-(1 x 1). Both molecules when adsorbing from approximately micromolar benzene dosing solutions produced mainly ordered arrays characterized as (8 x 5 radical3)rect (theta = 0.0125). The redox reactions occurring between 0.2 and 1.0 V caused no change in the adlayer, but they were desorbed or oxidized at the negative and positive potential limits. The processes of adsorption and desorption at the negative potentials were reversible to the modulation of potential. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and CV measurements showed that YL2 and CeL2 adlayers could block the adsorption of perchlorate anions and mediating electron transfer at the Au(111) electrode, leading to the enhancement of charge transfer for the ferro/ferricyanide redox couple.