Peirce A G
Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY.
J Nurs Educ. 1991 Jun;30(6):244-50. doi: 10.3928/0148-4834-19910601-04.
A preceptorial is a one-on-one reality-based clinical experience in which the staff nurse supervises the learning experience. Many schools of nursing use preceptor clinicals for the last clinical experience, but no studies were found that examined how students viewed that experience. This qualitative study was undertaken to ascertain how undergraduate preceptorial students view their clinical experience. In addition, since the program studied also uses preceptorials for its students' first clinical experience, the study examined differences in perception about the preceptorial between first- and second-level students. The students were asked to complete an anonymous open-ended questionnaire about their clinical experience. Content analysis was performed on the answers using the whole response to the question as the unit of analysis. Indicators of reliability and validity were established. Two themes emerged from the analysis: what students desire from their clinical experience and the factors that influence the preceptorial clinical experience. In addition, differences were found between perceptions of students in the first and last preceptorial clinical experiences. The results were discussed in terms of clinical experiences and possible differences in perception of clinical between those who have preceptorial and traditional faculty-led clinical experiences.
导师指导实习是一种基于现实的一对一临床体验，由在职护士监督学习过程。许多护理学院将导师指导实习作为最后的临床体验，但未发现有研究探讨学生如何看待这种体验。本项定性研究旨在确定本科导师指导实习的学生如何看待他们的临床体验。此外，由于所研究的项目也将导师指导实习用于学生的首次临床体验，该研究还考察了一年级和二年级学生对导师指导实习看法的差异。研究要求学生填写一份关于其临床体验的匿名开放式问卷。以对问题的完整回答作为分析单位，对答案进行内容分析。确立了信度和效度指标。分析得出两个主题：学生对临床体验的期望以及影响导师指导临床体验的因素。此外，还发现首次和末次导师指导临床体验的学生看法存在差异。研究结果从临床体验以及有导师指导临床体验和传统教师主导临床体验的学生在临床认知上可能存在的差异方面进行了讨论。
