Kot Małgorzata, Kruk-Jeromin Julia
Klinika Chirurgii Plastycznej Instytutu Chirurgii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Nov;19(113):614-6.
Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation, illness and higher incidence of newborns during labour. They are noticed to have been more frequent in Poland in recent years. Based on the hospital records we reviewed the most common facial anomaly in twins--the cleft lip and palate. The frequency of this malformation occurrence in Poland is 1:502 in newborns. The etiopathogenesis of this malformation, in 17-20%, results from genetic factors. Researches on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in twins strongly confirm the heredity of the malformation.
The analysis of the occurrence frequency of the cleft lip and/or palate in cleft-twins was the main objective in our study.
In the study of 21 sets of cleft-twins, 6 of them were monozygotic and 15 were dizygotic. It was assessed on the basis of data that was received from parents, same-sex twins and physical likeness. Twin-siblings who had cleft anomalies, always had cleft lip and palate or an isolated cleft palate.
The outcome showed that twins were not a subject to increased or decreased risk of cleft anomalies. Moreover, clefts did not increase the risk of twin-siblings labour. The hypothesis that a monozygotic twin pregnancy is a factor of increased risk of cleft anomaly was not confirmed. Presented data can be used in genetic counseling. In all likelihood, in the nearest future there will be chances for working out the cleft prophylaxis.
Twin pregnancy does not changes risk of cleft anomaly and its occurrence does not increase of twin-siblings labor.
双胎妊娠与先天性畸形、疾病风险增加以及分娩时新生儿发病率较高有关。近年来在波兰发现此类情况更为常见。基于医院记录，我们回顾了双胞胎中最常见的面部异常——唇腭裂。在波兰，这种畸形在新生儿中的发生率为1:502。这种畸形的病因，17% - 20%是由遗传因素导致。对双胞胎唇腭裂发生率的研究有力地证实了这种畸形具有遗传性。
分析唇裂和/或腭裂在双胎唇腭裂患儿中的发生频率是我们研究的主要目标。
在对21组唇腭裂双胞胎的研究中，其中6组为单卵双胞胎，15组为双卵双胞胎。根据从父母、同性双胞胎及外貌相似性获得的数据进行评估。患有唇腭裂畸形的双胞胎兄弟姐妹，总是患有唇腭裂或单纯腭裂。
结果显示，双胞胎患唇腭裂畸形的风险并未增加或降低。此外，唇腭裂并未增加双胞胎兄弟姐妹分娩的风险。单卵双胎妊娠会增加唇腭裂畸形风险这一假设未得到证实。所呈现的数据可用于遗传咨询。在不久的将来，很有可能会有制定唇腭裂预防措施的机会。
双胎妊娠不会改变唇腭裂畸形的风险，其发生也不会增加双胞胎兄弟姐妹的分娩风险。
