In comparison with the previous version, the Dutch College of General Practitioners' practice guideline 'Headache' has been improved in several respects. The addition of information on cluster headache, tension headache and substance-induced headache may benefit the daily practice of the general practitioner. The list of alarm symptoms is useful for distinguishing between secondary and primary types of headache. With respect to substance-induced headache, there is a difference from the international criteria: according to the latter, the diagnosis may also be made if the headache does not completely disappear but reverts back to the previous pattern. There is a need for studies into the non-medicinal treatment of tension headache. In these practice guidelines, the medicinal treatment of migraine is largely consistent with the guidelines of The Netherlands Society of Neurology.