Takaku Hiroaki, Kodaira Shoko, Kimoto Ayumi, Nashimoto Masayuki, Takagi Masamichi
Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
J Biosci Bioeng. 2006 Jan;101(1):42-50. doi: 10.1263/jbb.101.42.
The diversity and succession of microbial communities during the garbage composting with rice hull as an amendment were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) with universal primers. Based on temperature changes, the composting process could be divided into thermophilic, cooling-down, and maturing stages. The DGGE profiles and clone library analysis revealed that the microbial community drastically changed during the composting process from the thermophilic to the maturing stages. The dominant bacterial group changed from the phylum Firmicutes in the thermophilic stage to the phylum Bacteroidetes in the maturing stage. This change in microbial communities may be significant for the composting process. The diversity of cultivated bacteria isolated from samples taken at various stages of the composting process was low. A total of 87 isolates were classified as belonging to only four different groups. These groups were also detected in the DGGE profiles and by the clone library analysis. Our study indicated that a combination of culture-dependent and -independent approaches could be very useful for monitoring both bacterial diversity and the succession of communities during the composting process. This study would be beneficial for assessing the ecological consequences of disposal of organic waste.
通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）以及使用通用引物对PCR扩增的16S核糖体DNA（rDNA）进行克隆文库分析，研究了以稻壳作为改良剂的垃圾堆肥过程中微生物群落的多样性和演替情况。基于温度变化，堆肥过程可分为嗜热、降温及熟化阶段。DGGE图谱和克隆文库分析表明，在堆肥过程中，从嗜热阶段到熟化阶段，微生物群落发生了显著变化。优势细菌类群从嗜热阶段的厚壁菌门变为熟化阶段的拟杆菌门。微生物群落的这种变化可能对堆肥过程具有重要意义。从堆肥过程不同阶段采集的样品中分离出的培养细菌多样性较低。总共87株分离菌仅被归类为四个不同的组。这些组在DGGE图谱和克隆文库分析中也被检测到。我们的研究表明，依赖培养和不依赖培养的方法相结合，对于监测堆肥过程中的细菌多样性和群落演替可能非常有用。这项研究将有助于评估有机废物处置的生态后果。
