Hermans Dirk, Craske Michelle G, Mineka Susan, Lovibond Peter F
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 15;60(4):361-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.006. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Although most extinction research is conducted in animal laboratories, the study of extinction learning in human fear conditioning has gained increasing attention over the last decade. The most important findings from human fear extinction are reviewed in this article. Specifically, we review experimental investigations of the impact of conditioned inhibitors, conditioned exciters, context renewal, and reinstatement on fear extinction in human samples. We discuss data from laboratory studies of the extinction of aversively conditioned stimuli, as well as results from experimental clinical work with fearful or anxious individuals. We present directions for future research, in particular the need for further investigation of differences between animal and human conditioning outcomes, and research examining the role of both automatic and higher-order cognitive processes in human conditioning and extinction.
尽管大多数灭绝研究是在动物实验室中进行的，但在过去十年里，人类恐惧条件作用中的灭绝学习研究越来越受到关注。本文回顾了人类恐惧消退的最重要发现。具体而言，我们回顾了条件性抑制物、条件性兴奋物、情境更新和恢复对人类样本中恐惧消退影响的实验研究。我们讨论了厌恶条件刺激消退的实验室研究数据，以及对恐惧或焦虑个体进行实验临床工作的结果。我们提出了未来研究的方向，特别是需要进一步研究动物和人类条件作用结果之间的差异，以及研究自动和高阶认知过程在人类条件作用和消退中的作用。
