Mercer David R, Wettach George R, Smith Julie L
Institut Territorial de Recherches Médicales Louis Malarde, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2005 Dec;21(4):425-31. doi: 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)21[425:EOLDAP]2.0.CO;2.
Organisms manipulated as biological control agents of disease vectors should tolerate ranges of developmental conditions exploited by their target species. Furthermore, they should reduce numbers of host-seeking vector adults without providing fitness benefits to larval survivors developing among fewer competitors. We studied electrochemistry in rat-chewed coconuts, an important developmental habitat used by Aedes polynesiensis, a vector of lymphatic filariasis. We also studied the effects of larval density and predation by the mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis as predators of Ae. polynesiensis. The predators significantly reduced survival rates of Ae. polynesiensis and numbers of males and females developing in coconut husks. Adults from cohorts of Ae. polynesiensis exposed to predators emerged at the same time and were equal in size to adults emerging from predator-free cohorts. No differences were detected in the numbers or sizes of Ae. polynesiensis reaching adulthood among the densities tested. At least for this common natural habitat, Tx. amboinensis gave a good level of biological control of the vector Ae. polynesiensis.
作为病媒生物控制剂进行操控的生物应能耐受其目标物种所利用的发育条件范围。此外，它们应减少寻找宿主的病媒成虫数量，而不给在较少竞争者中发育的幼虫幸存者带来适应性益处。我们研究了大鼠啃咬过的椰子中的电化学，这是淋巴丝虫病病媒波利尼西亚伊蚊所使用的重要发育栖息地。我们还研究了幼虫密度以及作为波利尼西亚伊蚊捕食者的amboinensis库蚊的捕食作用的影响。这些捕食者显著降低了波利尼西亚伊蚊的存活率以及在椰壳中发育的雌雄个体数量。暴露于捕食者的波利尼西亚伊蚊群体中的成虫与未接触捕食者群体中的成虫同时羽化，且大小相同。在所测试的密度范围内，未检测到发育至成虫阶段的波利尼西亚伊蚊在数量或大小上存在差异。至少对于这种常见的自然栖息地而言，amboinensis库蚊对病媒波利尼西亚伊蚊具有良好的生物控制水平。
