Toward a prefrontal microcircuit model for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

I present here a biophysically-based model of cortical microcircuits capable of both internal representation (memory storage) and dynamical processing (decision and action selection). The model is illustrated through computer simulations that account for neurophysiological and behavioral data from studies using nonhuman primates. This computational theory proposes that an interplay between slow reverberating excitation and competitive synaptic inhibition enables a cortical area, such as the prefrontal cortex, to subserve cognitive functions. It is argued that quantitatively accurate microcircuit models can potentially provide a framework for a systematic approach to pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.