Mingomataj E C, Xhixha F, Gjata E
Department of Allergology, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
Allergy. 2006 Apr;61(4):400-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00983.x.
The ability of common environmental allergens to stimulate IgE responses and thus to produce allergic diseases has tended to overshadow the fact that helminthic parasites are possibly the most potent inducers of this immunoglobulin that exists in nature. Although it has been well established that during these infections there is a stimulation of IgE against their own antigens as well as a strong induction of nonspecific TH2/IL-4 polyclonal IgE, similarly to the allergic processes, many authors debate if the presence of these infections correlates inversely or not with the rate prevalence of atopy or respiratory allergy. Interpreting this relationship, we suggest that sometimes the intensive infections of hosts, especially with soil helminths which migrate in the respiratory ways or use there as entrance, can induce the production of some mediators ('helminth(k)ines'), to reduce the possibility of their reactive expulsion from the host. The ability to suppress hostile allergic symptoms despite the simultaneous induction of IgE response and local inflammation maybe is established due to the selective evolution, to assure for the parasites better chances for an effective life and reproduction within their mammalian hosts.
常见环境过敏原刺激IgE反应并因此引发过敏性疾病的能力,往往掩盖了一个事实,即蠕虫寄生虫可能是自然界中这种免疫球蛋白最有力的诱导物。尽管已经充分证实,在这些感染过程中,会像过敏过程一样,刺激针对寄生虫自身抗原的IgE产生,以及强烈诱导非特异性TH2/IL-4多克隆IgE,但许多作者对这些感染的存在是否与特应性或呼吸道过敏的发病率呈负相关存在争议。在解释这种关系时,我们认为,有时宿主的严重感染,尤其是感染通过呼吸道迁移或以此为入口的土壤蠕虫时,会诱导产生一些介质(“蠕虫素”),以降低它们被宿主反应性排出的可能性。尽管同时诱导了IgE反应和局部炎症,但抑制不良过敏症状的能力可能是由于选择性进化而形成的,以确保寄生虫在其哺乳动物宿主内有更好的有效生存和繁殖机会。