Walusinski Olivier
Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(1):6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.020. Epub 2006 Mar 7.
Almost all the vertebrates yawn, testifying the phylogenetic old origins of this behavior. Correlatively speaking, yawning shows an ontogenical precociousness since it occurs as early as 12 weeks after conception and remains relatively unchanged throughout life. Thus, it is contended that these common characteristics and their diencephalic origin allow to model an approach from which emerges a pivotal link between yawning and REM sleep. Yawning and stretching reverse the muscular atonia of the REM-sleep and reopen the collapsed airways. Yawning appears as a powerful muscular stretch, recruiting specific control systems particularly the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus and the reticular activating system from which the vigor of this ancestral vestige, surviving throughout evolution with little variation, may increase arousal. On the other hand, the James-Lange theory proposes that afferent feedback from muscles and viscera provides the brain with a feeling that characterizes the active motivational state and arousal. On this basis and using selected supporting findings from the literature and from data provided by daily life, it is contended that yawning takes part in interoceptiveness by its capacity to increase arousal and self-awareness. Adaptative behaviors depend on interactions among the nervous system and the body by a continuous feedback between them. The body's schema is a main component of the self, and interoceptive process is essential to awareness of the body and arousal. Yawning contributes to bodily consciousness as a behavior affiliating a sensory motor act and his perception from which pleasure is derived. Yawning can be seen as a proprioceptive performance awareness which inwardly provides a pre-reflective sense of one's body and a reappraisal of the body schema. The behavioral consequences of adopting specific regulatory strategies and the neural systems involved act upon attention and cognitive changes.Thus, it is proposed that yawning is a part of interoceptiveness by its capacity to increase arousal and self-awareness.
几乎所有脊椎动物都会打哈欠，这证明了这种行为在系统发育上的古老起源。相对而言，打哈欠显示出发育上的早熟，因为它在受孕后12周就会出现，并且在一生中相对保持不变。因此，有人认为这些共同特征及其间脑起源使得能够构建一种方法，从中可以发现打哈欠与快速眼动睡眠之间的关键联系。打哈欠和伸展动作会逆转快速眼动睡眠中的肌肉张力缺失，并重新打开塌陷的气道。打哈欠表现为一种强烈的肌肉伸展，会调动特定的控制系统，特别是下丘脑室旁核、蓝斑和网状激活系统。通过这些系统，这种在整个进化过程中几乎没有变化而留存下来的古老遗迹的活力可能会增强唤醒状态。另一方面，詹姆斯-兰格理论提出，来自肌肉和内脏的传入反馈为大脑提供了一种表征活跃动机状态和唤醒的感觉。基于此，并利用文献中的选定支持性发现以及日常生活提供的数据，有人认为打哈欠通过其增强唤醒和自我意识的能力参与了内感受。适应性行为依赖于神经系统和身体之间通过它们之间的持续反馈进行的相互作用。身体图式是自我的一个主要组成部分，内感受过程对于身体意识和唤醒至关重要。打哈欠作为一种将感觉运动行为与其从中获得愉悦的感知联系起来的行为，有助于身体意识。打哈欠可以被视为一种本体感受性的表现意识，它在内心提供一种对自身身体的前反思性感觉以及对身体图式的重新评估。采用特定调节策略的行为后果以及所涉及的神经系统会对注意力和认知变化产生作用。因此，有人提出打哈欠通过其增强唤醒和自我意识的能力是内感受的一部分。
