Smidt Ena, Meissl Katharina
BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Waste Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag. 2007;27(2):268-76. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.016. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
State and stability or reactivity of waste materials are important properties that must be determined to obtain information about the future behavior and the emission potential of the materials. Different chemical and biological parameters are used to describe the stage of organic matter in waste materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides information about the chemistry of waste materials in a general way. Several indicator bands that are referred to functional groups represent components or metabolic products. Their presence and intensity or their absence shed light on the phase of degradation or stabilization. The rapid assessment of the stage of organic matter decomposition is a very important field of application. Therefore, infrared spectroscopy is an appropriate tool for process and quality control, for the assessment of abandoned landfills and for checking of the successful landfill remediation. A wide range of applications are presented in this study for different waste materials. Progressing stages of a typical yard/kitchen waste composting process are shown. The fate of anaerobically "stabilized" leftovers in a subsequent liquid aerobic process is revealed by spectroscopic characteristics. A compost that underwent the biological stabilization process is distinguished from a "substrate" that comprises immature biogenic waste mixed with mineral compounds. Infrared spectra of freeze-dried leachate from untreated and aerated landfill material prove the effect of the aerobic treatment during 10 weeks in laboratory-scale experiments.
废料的状态、稳定性或反应活性是重要特性，必须加以确定，以便获取有关这些材料未来行为和排放潜力的信息。不同的化学和生物学参数用于描述废料中有机物的阶段。傅里叶变换红外光谱法以一种通用方式提供有关废料化学性质的信息。几个与官能团相关的指示带代表了成分或代谢产物。它们的存在、强度或缺失揭示了降解或稳定化阶段。快速评估有机物分解阶段是一个非常重要的应用领域。因此，红外光谱法是用于过程和质量控制、评估废弃填埋场以及检查填埋场修复是否成功的合适工具。本研究针对不同废料展示了广泛的应用。展示了典型庭院/厨余垃圾堆肥过程的进展阶段。通过光谱特征揭示了厌氧“稳定化”剩菜在后续好氧液体过程中的去向。经过生物稳定化过程的堆肥与包含未成熟生物源废料和矿物化合物混合的“基质”区分开来。未经处理和曝气的填埋材料冻干渗滤液的红外光谱证明了实验室规模实验中为期10周的好氧处理效果。
