Macdonall James S
Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
Behav Processes. 2006 Jul;73(1):13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2006.01.017. Epub 2006 Mar 13.
In a concurrent schedule, responding at each alternative is controlled by a pair of schedules that arrange reinforcers for staying at that alternative and reinforcers for switching to the other alternative. Each pair of schedules operates only while at the associated alternative. When only one pair of stay and switch schedules is presented, the rates of earning reinforcers for staying divided by the rates of earning reinforcers for switching controls the mean number responses in a visit and the mean duration of visits. The purpose of the present experiment was to see whether the sum of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers changed the way that run length and visit duration were affected by the ratio of the rates of stay to switch reinforcers. Rats were exposed to pairs of stay and switch schedules that varied both the ratio of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers and the sum of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers. Run lengths and visit durations were joint functions of the ratio of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers and the sum of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers. These results shows that the effect of the ratio of the sum of the rates of earning stay and switch reinforcers results from processes operating at the alternative, rather than from processes operating at both alternatives.
在并发程序中，对每个选择的反应由一对程序控制，这对程序为停留在该选择上安排强化物，并为切换到另一个选择安排强化物。每对程序仅在相关选择存在时运行。当只呈现一对停留和切换程序时，停留获得强化物的速率除以切换获得强化物的速率，控制着一次访问中的平均反应次数和访问的平均持续时间。本实验的目的是观察获得停留和切换强化物的速率之和是否会改变运行长度和访问持续时间受停留与切换强化物速率之比影响的方式。大鼠被暴露于成对的停留和切换程序中，这些程序改变了获得停留和切换强化物的速率之比以及获得停留和切换强化物的速率之和。运行长度和访问持续时间是获得停留和切换强化物的速率之比以及获得停留和切换强化物的速率之和的联合函数。这些结果表明，获得停留和切换强化物的速率之和的比例效应是由在该选择上起作用的过程导致的，而不是由在两个选择上都起作用的过程导致的。
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