Knapik Joseph J, Darakjy Salima, Hauret Keith G, Canada Sara, Scott Shawn, Rieger William, Marin Roberto, Jones Bruce H
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA.
Mil Med. 2006 Jan;171(1):45-54. doi: 10.7205/milmed.171.1.45.
Recruits arriving for basic combat training (BCT) between October 1999 and May 2004 were administered an entry-level physical fitness test at the reception station. If they failed the test, then they entered the Fitness Assessment Program (FAP), where they physically trained until they passed the test and subsequently entered BCT. The effectiveness of the FAP was evaluated by examining fitness, injury, and training outcomes. Recruits who failed the test, trained in the FAP, and entered BCT after passing the test were designated the preconditioning (PC) group (64 men and 94 women). Recruits who failed the test but were allowed to enter BCT without going into the FAP were called the no preconditioning (NPC) group (32 men and 73 women). Recruits who passed the test and directly entered BCT were designated the no need of preconditioning (NNPC) group (1,078 men and 731 women). Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores and training outcomes were obtained from a company-level database, and injured recruits were identified from cases documented in medical records. The proportions of NPC, PC, and NNPC recruits who completed the 9-week BCT cycle were 59%, 83%, and 87% for men (p < 0.01) and 52%, 69%, and 78% for women (p < 0.01), respectively. Because of attrition, only 63% of the NPC group took the week 7 APFT, compared with 84% and 86% of the PC and NNPC groups, respectively. The proportions of NPC, PC, and NNPC recruits who passed the final APFT after all retakes were 88%, 92%, and 98% for men (p < 0.01) and 89%, 92%, and 97% for women (p < 0.01), respectively. Compared with NNPC men, injury risk was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.2) and 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.1) times higher for PC and NPC men, respectively. Compared with NNPC women, injury risk was 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.6) and 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.1) times higher for PC and NPC women, respectively. This program evaluation showed that low-fit recruits who preconditioned before BCT had reduced attrition and tended to have lower injury risk, compared with recruits of similar low fitness who did not precondition.
1999年10月至2004年5月期间报到参加基础战斗训练（BCT）的新兵，在新兵接待站接受了入门级体能测试。如果他们未能通过测试，就会进入体能评估计划（FAP），在那里进行体能训练，直到通过测试，随后进入BCT。通过检查体能、受伤情况和训练成果来评估FAP的有效性。未能通过测试、在FAP中训练并在通过测试后进入BCT的新兵被指定为预处理（PC）组（64名男性和94名女性）。未能通过测试但被允许不进入FAP而直接进入BCT的新兵被称为无预处理（NPC）组（32名男性和73名女性）。通过测试并直接进入BCT的新兵被指定为无需预处理（NNPC）组（1078名男性和731名女性）。陆军体能测试（APFT）成绩和训练成果从连队级数据库中获取，受伤新兵从医疗记录中记录的病例中识别出来。完成9周BCT周期的NPC、PC和NNPC组新兵的比例，男性分别为59%、83%和87%（p<0.01），女性分别为52%、69%和78%（p<0.01）。由于人员流失，只有63%的NPC组参加了第7周的APFT，而PC组和NNPC组的这一比例分别为84%和86%。在所有补考后通过最终APFT的NPC、PC和NNPC组新兵的比例，男性分别为88%、92%和98%（p<0.01），女性分别为89%、92%和97%（p<0.01）。与NNPC组男性相比，PC组和NPC组男性的受伤风险分别高1.5倍（95%置信区间，1.0 - 2.2）和1.7倍（95%置信区间，1.0 - 3.1）。与NNPC组女性相比，PC组和NPC组女性的受伤风险分别高1.2倍（95%置信区间，0.9 - 1.6）和1.5倍（95%置信区间，1.1 - 2.1）。该项目评估表明，与未进行预处理的体能较差的新兵相比，在BCT前进行预处理的体能较差的新兵人员流失减少，受伤风险也往往较低。
