Barroso Ubirajara, Dultra Anderson, De Bessa José, Barros Daniela G, Maron Fabio, Barroso Danilo V, Moreira Edson Duarte
Division of Urology, Section of Paediatric Urology, Federal University of Bahia, São Rafael Hospital and Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
BJU Int. 2006 Apr;97(4):813-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06034.x.
To evaluate the level of symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in orphans in institutions, and compare these data with schoolchildren of the same age group who were not institutionalised, as LUTD in children is related to factors such as social isolation and low self-esteem, with other psychological changes also being cited, although it is unknown whether these problems are primary or secondary to the symptoms of LUTD.
Children institutionalised in orphanages with no parental presence and who are isolated from a family environment are probably more sensitive to psychological disturbances. Psychological changes have been associated with symptoms of urgency and urinary incontinence. Thus 89 orphans were compared with 143 schoolchildren not in institutions. A questionnaire was devised and completed by the care-taking staff in the orphanage, while for the schoolchildren the parents completed the questionnaire. The mean age in the institutionalised children was 7.9 years and that of the control group 7.8 years (P = 0.32). Thirty-nine (44%) of the orphans were boys, vs 74 (54%) of the control group (P = 0.17).
The incidence of urgency, diurnal urinary incontinence, nocturnal enuresis and constipation in the orphans and in the control group were: 45 (51%) and 57 (40) (P = 0.17), 36 (40%) and 19 (13%) (P < 0.001), 39 (47%) and 38 (27%) (P = 0.002), and 27 (30%) and 43 (30%) (P = 0.76), respectively.
Children living in orphanages have a significantly higher level of diurnal urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis than those not in an institution.
评估福利院孤儿下尿路功能障碍（LUTD）症状的水平，并将这些数据与未入住福利院的同年龄组学童进行比较，因为儿童的LUTD与社会隔离和自卑等因素有关，虽然尚不清楚这些问题是LUTD症状的原发性还是继发性，但也有其他心理变化被提及。
生活在没有父母陪伴且与家庭环境隔离的福利院中的儿童可能对心理干扰更敏感。心理变化与尿急和尿失禁症状有关。因此，将89名孤儿与143名未入住福利院的学童进行比较。福利院的问卷由照顾人员设计并填写，而学童的问卷由家长填写。入住福利院儿童的平均年龄为7.9岁，对照组为7.8岁（P = 0.32）。39名（44%）孤儿为男孩，对照组为74名（54%）（P = 0.17）。
孤儿组和对照组尿急、日间尿失禁、夜间遗尿和便秘的发生率分别为：45例（51%）和57例（40%）（P = 0.17），36例（40%）和19例（13%）（P < 0.001），39例（47%）和38例（27%）（P = 0.002），以及27例（30%）和43例（30%）（P = 0.76）。
生活在福利院的儿童日间尿失禁和夜间遗尿的水平显著高于未入住福利院的儿童。
