Sullivan Brian T
USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville LA 71360, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):2067-78. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.6.2067.
Olfactory sensitivity of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to compounds isolated from the mid/hindguts of newly emerged conspecific adults was assayed with coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. All previously reported pheromones for D. frontalis plus eight additional compounds (fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, cis-verbenol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) consistently elicited antennal responses from at least one sex. The eight additional compounds were assayed individually at three release rates (0.4-0.8, 3-9, and 25-100 mg/d) for the ability to alter D. frontalis responses to traps baited with D. frontalis attractant (4 mg/d frontalin and 17 mg/d alpha-pinene). At the high release rate, cis-verbenol enhanced attraction of D. frontalis females, whereas the other seven compounds significantly reduced attraction of one or both sexes. Acetophenone significantly reduced attraction of male D. frontalis at the low release rate, and five compounds (fenchyl alcohol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) reduced attraction of one or both sexes at the intermediate rate. Only acetophenone significantly altered the sex ratio of beetles trapped, decreasing the proportion of males. Attraction of predatory checkered beetles (Cleridae) was enhanced by cis-verbenol released at the high rate but was not altered by any compound inhibitory to D. frontalis. Analyses of volatiles from individual D. frontalis indicated that the majority of the eight compounds were produced in greater quantities by newly emerged beetles than ones attacking pine bolts. Five of the compounds were associated predominantly with one sex. Possible ecological roles of these compounds in the biology of D. frontalis are discussed.
利用气相色谱 - 触角电位联用检测技术，测定了南方松甲虫（Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann）对从新羽化的同种成虫中肠/后肠分离出的化合物的嗅觉敏感性。所有先前报道的南方松甲虫信息素以及另外八种化合物（葑醇、桃金娘醛、顺式马鞭草烯醇、反式松油烯醇、苯乙酮、反式桃金娘醇、顺式桃金娘醇和2 - 苯乙醇）均能持续引起至少一种性别的触角反应。对这八种额外的化合物分别以三种释放速率（0.4 - 0.8、3 - 9和25 - 100毫克/天）进行测定，以评估其改变南方松甲虫对用南方松甲虫引诱剂（4毫克/天的frontalin和17毫克/天的α - 蒎烯）诱捕的陷阱的反应的能力。在高释放速率下，顺式马鞭草烯醇增强了南方松甲虫雌性的吸引力，而其他七种化合物显著降低了一种或两种性别的吸引力。苯乙酮在低释放速率下显著降低了雄性南方松甲虫的吸引力，并且五种化合物（葑醇、反式松油烯醇、苯乙酮、顺式桃金娘醇和2 - 苯乙醇）在中等释放速率下降低了一种或两种性别的吸引力。只有苯乙酮显著改变了诱捕到的甲虫的性别比例，降低了雄性的比例。高释放速率下释放的顺式马鞭草烯醇增强了捕食性花斑甲虫（Cleridae）的吸引力，但对南方松甲虫有抑制作用的任何化合物都没有改变其吸引力。对单个南方松甲虫挥发物的分析表明，这八种化合物中的大多数在新羽化的甲虫中产生的量比攻击松材的甲虫更多。其中五种化合物主要与一种性别相关。讨论了这些化合物在南方松甲虫生物学中的可能生态作用。
