Li Ming D
Department of Psychiatric Medicine, University of Virginia, 1670 Discovery Drive, Suite 110, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Apr;8(2):158-64. doi: 10.1007/s11920-006-0016-0.
Despite almost two decades of intensive tobacco-control efforts, approximately 23% of American adults continue to smoke, and 13% are nicotine-dependent. Cigarette smoking is the greatest preventable cause of cancer, accounting for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and 87% of lung cancer deaths. Smoking behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Many years of twin and adoption studies have demonstrated that the heritability of liability for nicotine dependence (ND) is at least 50%. During the past several years, significant efforts have been made to identify susceptibility genes for ND using both genome-wide linkage and association analysis approaches. It is expected that identification of susceptibility genes for ND will allow the development and tailoring of both prevention strategies for individuals at risk and effective treatment programs and medicines for individuals who use tobacco products. This review summarizes the recent progress in genetic studies of ND. As genotyping technology is being improved and well-characterized clinical samples on smoking behavior become available, more and more genes and genetic variants responsible for ND will be identified in the near future.
尽管经过了近二十年的密集控烟努力，仍有大约23%的美国成年人继续吸烟，13%的人对尼古丁上瘾。吸烟是癌症最主要的可预防病因，至少占所有癌症死亡病例的30%，肺癌死亡病例的87%。吸烟行为受遗传和环境因素的共同影响。多年来的双胞胎和收养研究表明，尼古丁依赖（ND）倾向的遗传度至少为50%。在过去几年中，人们运用全基因组连锁分析和关联分析方法，为确定ND的易感基因付出了巨大努力。预计确定ND的易感基因将有助于为有风险的个体制定预防策略，并为使用烟草制品的个体开发有效的治疗方案和药物。这篇综述总结了ND基因研究的最新进展。随着基因分型技术的不断改进以及有关吸烟行为的特征明确的临床样本的出现，在不久的将来，将会发现越来越多与ND相关的基因和基因变异。
