Yang Gong-Huan, Phillips Michael R, Zhou Mai-Geng, Wang Li-Jun, Zhang Yan-Ping, Xu Dong
Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2005 Dec;18(6):379-89.
To compare the characteristics of suicides in the four main demographic groups: urban males, urban females, rural males and rural females in order to help clarify the demographic pattern of suicides in China.
A detailed psychological autopsy survey instrument was independently administered to 895 suicide victims in family members and close associates from 23 geographically representative locations from around the country.
Pesticide ingestion accounted for 58% (519) of all suicides and 61% (318/519) of deaths were due to unsuccessful medical resuscitation. A substantial proportion (37%) of suicide victims did not have a mental illness. Among the 563 victims with mental illness, only 13% (76/563) received psychiatric treatment. Compared to other demographic groups, young rural females who died from suicide had the highest rate of pesticide ingestion (79%), the lowest prevalence of mental illness (39%), and the highest acute stress from precipitating life events just prior to the suicide.
Many suicides in China are impulsive acts of deliberate self-harm following acute interpersonal crises. Prevention of suicides in China must focus on improving awareness of psychological problems, improving mental health services, providing alternative social support networks for managing acute interpersonal conflicts, limiting access to pesticides, and improving the resuscitation skills of primary care providers.
比较中国城市男性、城市女性、农村男性和农村女性这四个主要人口群体的自杀特征，以帮助阐明中国自杀的人口模式。
使用详细的心理解剖调查问卷，对来自全国23个具有地理代表性地区的895名自杀者的家庭成员和亲密伙伴进行独立调查。
服毒自杀占所有自杀案例的58%（519例），其中61%（318/519）的死亡是由于医疗抢救失败。相当一部分（37%）自杀者没有精神疾病。在563名有精神疾病的自杀者中，只有13%（76/563）接受过精神科治疗。与其他人口群体相比，自杀身亡的年轻农村女性服毒率最高（79%），精神疾病患病率最低（39%），自杀前因突发生活事件产生的急性应激反应最强。
在中国，许多自杀是在急性人际危机后蓄意自我伤害的冲动行为。中国的自杀预防必须注重提高对心理问题的认识、改善心理健康服务、为处理急性人际冲突提供替代性社会支持网络、限制农药获取途径以及提高基层医疗服务提供者的复苏技能。
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