Plamondon André, Delisle Alain, Trimble Karin, Desjardins Pierre, Rickwood Trevor
Institut de recherche Robert Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 Boul. De Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Qué., Canada, H3A 3C2.
Appl Ergon. 2006 Nov;37(6):709-18. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.12.003. Epub 2006 Mar 20.
There is a paucity of studies focusing on the lifting of rods or long awkward heavy objects. In-the-hole (ITH) drilling is a heavy repetitive mining task, which has been identified as having a relatively high incidence and severity rate of musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine how the load experienced by ITH drill operators changed when lifting a vertical drilling rod (1.61m, 35kg) using two rod heights and four different foot positions. In addition, a symmetrical lift with a lifting index (LI) of 1.4 also served as a comparison to determine possible risk of low back injury. Eleven experienced ITH drill operators participated in the study. Each subject was required to lift a vertical drilling rod until the upper body was in an erect posture using four different foot positions (0 degrees =subject facing the rod, 45 degrees =subject oblique to the rod, 90 degrees =subject right side to the rod and freestyle). In addition, two rod height conditions were studied where the base of the vertical rod was supported either (1) at ground level (height of rod CG=0.83m) or (2) on a 20cm rack (height of rod CG=1.03m). Finally, each subject lifted a 21.5kg box in the sagittal plane, which corresponded to an LI of 1.4 in the NIOSH lifting equation. Reflective markers were placed on the subjects, and three video cameras and one force plate were used to record the forces and the motion of the subjects' segments. Two surface electrodes were applied on the right and the left erector spinae (ES) at the level of L3. Back loading was defined by the level of the peak moments, the mechanical work and erector spinae muscle activity (EMG). It was found that the vertical height of the rod had the most significant impact on back loading, while the effect of the initial foot positioning relative to the rod was limited by the technique adopted by the drillers. Moreover, it was found that some of the subjects used techniques less strenuous for the back than others. Finally, the asymmetrical lifting component was found to be the most negative aspect of lifting an ITH drill rod compared to a standard symmetrical lift (NIOSH).
针对提升钻杆或长而笨重的物体的研究较少。孔内（ITH）钻探是一项繁重的重复性采矿任务，已被确定为肌肉骨骼损伤发生率和严重程度相对较高的工作。本研究的目的是研究当ITH钻机操作员使用两种钻杆高度和四种不同脚部姿势提升垂直钻杆（1.61米，35千克）时，其所承受的负荷如何变化。此外，还进行了一次对称提升，其提升指数（LI）为1.4，作为对照以确定可能的下背部受伤风险。11名经验丰富的ITH钻机操作员参与了该研究。要求每个受试者使用四种不同的脚部姿势（0度=受试者面向钻杆，45度=受试者斜向钻杆，90度=受试者右侧对着钻杆以及自由式）将垂直钻杆提升至上身直立姿势。此外，研究了两种钻杆高度条件，垂直钻杆的底部要么支撑在（1）地面水平（钻杆重心高度=0.83米），要么支撑在（2）一个20厘米高的架子上（钻杆重心高度=1.03米）。最后，每个受试者在矢状面内提起一个21.5千克的箱子，这在NIOSH提升方程中对应于LI为1.4。在受试者身上放置了反光标记，并使用三台摄像机和一个测力板记录受试者各部位的受力和运动情况。在L3水平的左右竖脊肌（ES）上各贴了两个表面电极。背部负荷通过峰值力矩水平、机械功和竖脊肌肌肉活动（肌电图）来定义。研究发现，钻杆的垂直高度对背部负荷影响最为显著，而相对于钻杆的初始脚部姿势的影响则受钻探工人所采用技术的限制。此外，还发现一些受试者采用的技术对背部的压力比其他受试者小。最后，与标准对称提升（NIOSH）相比，发现不对称提升部分是提升ITH钻杆最不利的方面。
