Albert Michael H, Anasetti Claudio, Yu Xue-Zhong
Dr von Haunersches Kinderspital, University of Munich, Germany.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006 Apr;6(4):315-24. doi: 10.1517/14712598.6.4.315.
Advances in immunosuppressive therapies have made tissue and organ transplantation a common procedure in clinical medicine. However, true donor and recipient tolerance is not regularly achieved and almost all transplant recipients continue to require immunosuppressants throughout life, which is associated with side effects of the drugs. The identification and characterisation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has recently opened up exciting opportunities for new ways of adoptive immunotherapy in transplantation. CD4+CD25+ Tregs of thymic origin have been shown to be key regulators of unseasoned immune responses in mice and in humans, preventing graft-versus-host disease and organ graft rejection in the transplantation setting. Although these cells can be found in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, their isolation to a satisfying degree of purity is time-consuming and ineffective. Therefore, a variety of different methods to expand or induce regulatory T cells ex vivo have been advocated. Antigen-specific activation of Tregs is a prerequisite for their optimal function, making the design of new strategies to create and expand antigen-specific Tregs highly desirable. This review will focus on recent advances achieved in the field of transplantation tolerance using naturally occurring Tregs (CD4+CD25+), as well as other Tregs, and will discuss future applications of these cells in immunotherapy.
免疫抑制疗法的进展使组织和器官移植成为临床医学中的常见手术。然而，真正的供体和受体耐受并非总能实现，几乎所有移植受者终生都需要免疫抑制剂，这与药物的副作用相关。调节性T细胞（Tregs）的鉴定和表征最近为移植中过继性免疫治疗的新方法带来了令人兴奋的机遇。胸腺来源的CD4 + CD25 + Tregs已被证明是小鼠和人类未成熟免疫反应的关键调节因子，可预防移植环境中的移植物抗宿主病和器官移植排斥反应。尽管这些细胞可在健康个体的外周血中找到，但将它们分离到令人满意的纯度既耗时又低效。因此，人们提倡采用多种不同方法在体外扩增或诱导调节性T细胞。Tregs的抗原特异性激活是其最佳功能的先决条件，因此设计新策略来产生和扩增抗原特异性Tregs非常必要。本综述将聚焦于使用天然存在的Tregs（CD4 + CD25 +）以及其他Tregs在移植耐受领域取得的最新进展，并将讨论这些细胞在免疫治疗中的未来应用。
