Clow D W, Hammer R P, Kirstein C L, Spear L P
Department of Anatomy & Reproductive Biology, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu 96822.
Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1991 Apr 24;59(2):179-85. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(91)90098-4.
The use of cocaine during pregnancy produces a variety of adverse effects in offspring. Gestational cocaine exposure is known to affect developing dopamine systems, but other neurochemical systems may also be at risk. Regional density of opiate receptors labeled with [3H]naloxone was examined in the brains of 21-day-old male rats exposed to cocaine (0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day s.c.) between gestation days 8 and 20. Gestational cocaine exposure significantly increased labeling in a dose-dependent fashion in dopaminergic terminal (e.g. the nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and caudatoputamen), limbic (e.g. basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, lateral habenula, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, entorhinal and cingulate cortices) and neocortical (e.g. somatosensory and motor cortices) regions, but had little effect in diencephalic or brainstem regions. The results suggest a functional linkage whereby drug-induced alteration of dopamine systems can regulate developing opioid systems in the brain. Moreover, gestational cocaine exposure produced long-lasting changes of opiate receptor labeling in certain brain regions. The implications of these results are uncertain. However, such effects on endogenous opioid systems could contribute to a developmental delay, cognitive or motor dysfunction.
孕期使用可卡因会对后代产生多种不良影响。已知孕期接触可卡因会影响发育中的多巴胺系统，但其他神经化学系统也可能面临风险。对妊娠第8天至20天期间接触可卡因（0、10、20或40毫克/千克/天，皮下注射）的21日龄雄性大鼠大脑中用[3H]纳洛酮标记的阿片受体区域密度进行了检测。孕期接触可卡因以剂量依赖的方式显著增加了多巴胺能终末（如伏隔核、内侧前额叶皮质、嗅结节和尾壳核）、边缘系统（如基底外侧杏仁核、外侧缰核、海马体、齿状回、内嗅皮质和扣带回皮质）和新皮质（如体感皮质和运动皮质）区域的标记，但对间脑或脑干区域影响不大。结果表明存在一种功能联系，即药物引起的多巴胺系统改变可调节大脑中发育中的阿片系统。此外，孕期接触可卡因会在某些脑区产生阿片受体标记的长期变化。这些结果的意义尚不确定。然而，对内源性阿片系统的这种影响可能导致发育迟缓、认知或运动功能障碍。
