Infectious Disease Laboratory, Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital and Infectious Diseases-Hypersensitivity and Renal Sections, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Infect Immun. 1971 Apr;3(4):540-3. doi: 10.1128/iai.3.4.540-543.1971.
Cephalexin is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin C derivative, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and excreted in high concentration in the urine. Even in patients with impaired renal function, the concentrations of cephalexin present in the urine are adequate for the treatment of most urinary tract infections produced by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis. In anephric patients, single doses of 250 or 500 mg of cephalexin resulted in high, prolonged serum concentrations. Peak levels were usually observed within 1 hr. However, in two of six anephric patients, peak levels were reached after 6 and 12 hr due to delayed absorption. Hemodialysis for 6 hr reduced the serum concentration of cephalexin by 58%.
头孢氨苄是一种新型半合成头孢菌素 C 衍生物，它从胃肠道吸收良好，并以高浓度排泄在尿液中。即使在肾功能受损的患者中，头孢氨苄在尿液中的浓度也足以治疗大多数由大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌引起的尿路感染。在无肾患者中，单次给予 250 或 500 毫克头孢氨苄可导致高浓度、长时间的血清浓度。峰浓度通常在 1 小时内观察到。然而，在 6 名无肾患者中，由于吸收延迟，有 2 名患者在 6 小时和 12 小时后达到了峰值水平。6 小时血液透析可使头孢氨苄的血清浓度降低 58%。
