Unique combination of anatomy and physiology in cells of the rat paralaminar thalamic nuclei adjacent to the medial geniculate body.

The medial geniculate body (MGB) has three major subdivisions, ventral (MGV), dorsal (MGD), and medial (MGM). MGM is linked with paralaminar nuclei that are situated medial and ventral to MGV/MGD. Paralaminar nuclei have unique inputs and outputs compared with MGV and MGD and have been linked to circuitry underlying some important functional roles. We recorded intracellularly from cells in the paralaminar nuclei in vitro. We found that they possess an unusual combination of anatomical and physiological features compared with those reported for "standard" thalamic neurons seen in the MGV/MGD and elsewhere in the thalamus. Compared with MGV/MGD neurons, anatomically, 1) paralaminar cell dendrites can be long, branch sparingly, and encompass a much larger area; 2) their dendrites may be smooth but can have well defined spines; and 3) their axons can have collaterals that branch locally within the same or nearby paralaminar nuclei. When compared with MGV/MGD neurons, physiologically, 1) their spikes are larger in amplitude and can be shorter in duration; 2) their spikes can have dual afterhyperpolarizations with fast and slow components; and 3) they can have a reduction or complete absence of the low-threshold, voltage-sensitive calcium conductance that reduces or eliminates the voltage-dependent burst response. We also recorded from cells in the parafascicular nucleus, a nucleus of the posterior intralaminar nuclear group, because they have unusual anatomical features that are similar to those of some of our paralaminar cells. As with the labeled paralaminar cells, parafascicular cells had physiological features distinguishing them from typical thalamic neurons.