Hillecke Thomas, Nickel Anne, Bolay Hans Volker
Outpatient Department, German Center for Music Therapy Research, University of Applied Sciences Heidelberg, Maassstrasse 26, D-68123 Heidelberg, Germany.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1060:271-82. doi: 10.1196/annals.1360.020.
What needs to be done on the long road to evidence-based music therapy? First of all, an adequate research strategy is required. For this purpose the general methodology for therapy research should be adopted. Additionally, music therapy needs a variety of methods of allied fields to contribute scientific findings, including mathematics, natural sciences, behavioral and social sciences, as well as the arts. Pluralism seems necessary as well as inevitable. At least two major research problems can be identified, however, that make the path stony: the problem of specificity and the problem of eclecticism. Neuroscientific research in music is giving rise to new ideas, perspectives, and methods; they seem to be promising prospects for a possible contribution to a theoretical and empirical scientific foundation for music therapy. Despite the huge heterogeneity of theoretical approaches in music therapy, an integrative model of working ingredients in music therapy is useful as a starting point for empirical studies in order to question what specifically works in music therapy. For this purpose, a heuristic model, consisting of five music therapy working factors (attention modulation, emotion modulation, cognition modulation, behavior modulation, and communication modulation) has been developed by the Center for Music Therapy Research (Viktor Dulger Institute) in Heidelberg. Evidence shows the effectiveness of music therapy for treating certain diseases, but the question of what it is in music therapy that works remains largely unanswered. The authors conclude with some questions to neuroscientists, which we hope may help elucidate relevant aspects of a possible link between the two disciplines.
在循证音乐治疗的漫长道路上需要做些什么？首先，需要一个恰当的研究策略。为此，应采用治疗研究的一般方法。此外，音乐治疗需要 allied 领域的各种方法来贡献科学发现，包括数学、自然科学、行为和社会科学以及艺术。多元主义似乎是必要且不可避免的。然而，至少可以确定两个主要的研究问题，它们使这条道路充满坎坷：特异性问题和折衷主义问题。音乐神经科学研究正在产生新的思想、观点和方法；它们似乎为音乐治疗的理论和实证科学基础做出贡献带来了有希望的前景。尽管音乐治疗的理论方法存在巨大的异质性，但音乐治疗工作要素的综合模型作为实证研究的起点是有用的，以便探究音乐治疗中具体起作用的是什么。为此，海德堡音乐治疗研究中心（维克托·杜尔格研究所）开发了一个启发式模型，该模型由五个音乐治疗工作因素（注意力调节、情绪调节、认知调节、行为调节和沟通调节）组成。证据表明音乐治疗对治疗某些疾病有效，但音乐治疗中起作用的究竟是什么这个问题在很大程度上仍未得到解答。作者最后向神经科学家提出了一些问题，我们希望这些问题可能有助于阐明这两个学科之间可能联系的相关方面。
