El-Wishy A B
Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2007 Feb;97(3-4):201-15. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 Apr 5.
To maintain a calving interval of 13-14 months in buffaloes, successful breeding must take place within 85-115 days after calving. Disturbances during this period due to delay of uterine involution or resumption of estrous activity are likely to prolong the calving interval and reduce the lifetime reproductive and productive efficiency. In this article literature on endocrinological changes in the peripartum period and on factors affecting uterine involution are reviewed. The available information indicated that although the availability of releasable FSH does not appear to be a limiting factor for resumption of postpartum cyclicity a substantial increase of releasable LH and replenishment of pituitary stores occurred around Day 20 in dairy and Day 30 in swamp buffaloes. There is evidence that follicular activity is resumed early (15-30 days) in the postpartum period. However, the factors which initiate release of appropriate LH pulses, follicular maturation and ovulation in the postpartum buffalo need further studies. The mean interval to complete uterine involution varied widely between 19 and 52 days. Assessment of cervical and uterine horn diameters by rectal palpation alone is not satisfactory to diagnose delayed uterine involution and possible subclinical uterine infection. Vaginal inspection can be included as a fundamental part of postpartum genital examination for diagnosis of such case. Uterine involution, however, does not seem to be a limiting factor for achievement of satisfactory fertility in the postpartum buffalo but the main determinant is resumption of estrous activity.
为使水牛的产犊间隔维持在13 - 14个月，必须在产犊后85 - 115天内成功配种。在此期间，由于子宫复旧延迟或发情活动恢复受阻而产生的干扰，可能会延长产犊间隔，并降低终生繁殖和生产效率。本文综述了围产期内分泌变化及影响子宫复旧因素的相关文献。现有信息表明，虽然可释放的促卵泡生成素（FSH）的可用性似乎不是产后恢复周期性的限制因素，但在奶牛产后第20天左右以及沼泽水牛产后第30天左右，可释放的促黄体生成素（LH）大幅增加，垂体储备得到补充。有证据表明，产后早期（15 - 30天）卵泡活动即已恢复。然而，启动产后水牛适当LH脉冲释放、卵泡成熟和排卵的因素尚需进一步研究。子宫完全复旧的平均间隔差异很大，在19至52天之间。仅通过直肠触诊评估子宫颈和子宫角直径，对于诊断子宫复旧延迟和可能的亚临床子宫感染并不令人满意。阴道检查可作为产后生殖器官检查的基本组成部分，用于诊断此类病例。然而，子宫复旧似乎不是产后水牛获得满意繁殖力的限制因素，主要决定因素是发情活动的恢复。
