Veldman Christian, Nagel Angela, Hertl Michael
Department of Dermatology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2006;140(2):174-83. doi: 10.1159/000092576. Epub 2006 Apr 5.
Regulatory T cells exert a critical role in controlling autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance. The best described regulatory T cells are the naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, which have been shown to be continuously produced within the thymus. Other T-cell subsets bearing suppressive capacity have been reported, including T-helper-3 cells (Th3) and type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells have been shown to be induced upon antigen exposure under certain tolerogenic conditions and are characterized by the production of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta, while Th3 cells preferentially produce TGF-beta upon induction by intestinal tolerance. Recent progress has been made in the characterization of Tr1 cells in terms of isolation and induction, respectively. The present review provides an overview of the presence of Tr1 cells in inflammation, infection and neoplastic disorders. Moreover, the relationship between different regulatory T cell subsets and their transcriptional control is discussed. The recent development of methods allowing the ex vivo expansion of regulatory T cells may be the first step towards a cellular therapy with regulatory T cells to control T-cell-mediated pathology in inflammatory disorders.
调节性T细胞在控制自身免疫和维持外周耐受方面发挥着关键作用。描述得最为清楚的调节性T细胞是天然存在的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞，已证明它们在胸腺内持续产生。据报道，还有其他具有抑制能力的T细胞亚群，包括辅助性T细胞3（Th3）和1型调节性T（Tr1）细胞。已证明Tr1细胞在某些致耐受性条件下经抗原暴露后被诱导产生，其特征是产生免疫抑制细胞因子白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β），而Th3细胞在肠道耐受诱导下优先产生TGF-β。最近在Tr1细胞的分离和诱导特性方面均取得了进展。本综述概述了Tr1细胞在炎症、感染和肿瘤性疾病中的存在情况。此外，还讨论了不同调节性T细胞亚群之间的关系及其转录调控。允许调节性T细胞体外扩增的方法的最新进展可能是迈向利用调节性T细胞进行细胞治疗以控制炎症性疾病中T细胞介导的病理过程的第一步。
