Helbin Jadwiga R
Zakład Higieny i Ekologii CMUJ ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków.
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2005;51 Suppl 1:51-9.
The organic compounds (phenol, aniline, naphthalene, petrol) are the pollutants which are most frequently encountered in the natural environment. Even small amounts of these compounds may create the hazard to living organisms. The absorption methods are used to neutralize these pollutants and to prevent their dissemination. The objective of these paper was to evaluate the activity of organo-smectite compounds (with respect to phenol, aniline, naphthalene and petrol) using the silty minerals as sorbents. The silty minerals are known for their absorption capability of some organic compounds-mostly cations and base solutions. Only the trace amounts of non ionic compounds (phenol,benzene,dioxins) are absorbed by these minerals. Should the long chain ammonic cations with various length of hydrocarbon chain be introduced at the exchange site, the absorption capability of these compounds and their organophylic properties are greatly improved and their surface became organophylic. The bentonites and smectite silts (from Chmielnik, Milowice, Mecinka, Adamowa and Dylagówka) were used for preparation of sorbents. The laboratory tests had indicated that all smectites treated with ammonia salts create the organic-mineral compounds and that modification of smectites (increase of cation length) changes properties of their surface (hydrophilic character is changed to hydrophobic). The organic smectites have a very good sorption properties with respect to the organic compounds mentioned before.
有机化合物（苯酚、苯胺、萘、汽油）是自然环境中最常见的污染物。即使是少量的这些化合物也可能对生物造成危害。吸收法用于中和这些污染物并防止其扩散。本文的目的是评估以粉质矿物为吸附剂的有机蒙脱石化合物（针对苯酚、苯胺、萘和汽油）的活性。粉质矿物以其对某些有机化合物——主要是阳离子和碱性溶液的吸收能力而闻名。这些矿物仅吸收痕量的非离子化合物（苯酚、苯、二恶英）。如果在交换位点引入具有不同烃链长度的长链铵阳离子，这些化合物的吸收能力及其亲有机性质会大大提高，并且其表面变为亲有机的。使用膨润土和蒙脱石粉（来自赫米尔尼克、米洛维采、梅钦卡、阿达莫瓦和迪拉古夫卡）制备吸附剂。实验室测试表明，所有用铵盐处理过的蒙脱石都会形成有机矿物化合物，并且蒙脱石的改性（阳离子长度增加）会改变其表面性质（亲水性变为疏水性）。有机蒙脱石对上述有机化合物具有非常好的吸附性能。
