Zello Gordon A
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Feb;31(1):74-9. doi: 10.1139/h05-022.
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the North American reference standards for nutrients in the diets of healthy individuals. The macronutrient DRI report includes the standards for energy, fat and fatty acids, carbohydrate and fiber, and protein and amino acids. Equations used to identify the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) were also developed based on individual characteristics including levels of physical activity. The DRIs for the macronutrients are presented as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs), as well as Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), and were arrived at by considering both nutrient inadequacies and excesses. In addition, recommendations are made that would reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as setting intake limits for added sugar; reducing cholesterol, saturated, and trans fatty acids consumption; and increasing levels of physical activity. As healthy individuals include those engaged in various levels of physical activity, the DRIs should apply to the athlete and address their macronutrient and energy needs. This paper summarizes the macronutrient DRI report as applied to the adult, with discussion of the dietary needs of those engaged in various levels of physical activity, including the athlete.
膳食参考摄入量（DRIs）是北美健康个体饮食中营养素的参考标准。宏量营养素DRI报告包括能量、脂肪和脂肪酸、碳水化合物和纤维以及蛋白质和氨基酸的标准。用于确定估计能量需求（EER）的公式也是根据包括身体活动水平在内的个体特征制定的。宏量营养素的DRIs以推荐膳食摄入量（RDAs）或适宜摄入量（AIs）以及可接受的宏量营养素分布范围（AMDRs）的形式呈现，并且是通过考虑营养素不足和过量情况得出的。此外，还提出了一些建议，以降低慢性病风险，例如设定添加糖的摄入量限制；减少胆固醇、饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的消费；以及增加身体活动水平。由于健康个体包括从事不同身体活动水平的人，DRIs应适用于运动员并满足他们的宏量营养素和能量需求。本文总结了适用于成年人的宏量营养素DRI报告，并讨论了从事不同身体活动水平（包括运动员）的人的饮食需求。
