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放牧奶牛每日一次与每日两次挤奶的系统比较。

A systems comparison of once- versus twice-daily milking of pastured dairy cows.

作者信息

Clark D A, Phyn C V C, Tong M J, Collis S J, Dalley D E

机构信息

Dexcel, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand.

出版信息

J Dairy Sci. 2006 May;89(5):1854-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72254-8.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of milking frequency (once vs. twice-daily milking) and breed (Holstein-Friesians vs. Jerseys) on milk and milk solids (MS; milk fat + milk protein), yield per cow, milk composition, somatic cell count and lactation length; cow body weight, body condition score, and reproductive performance over a 4-yr period. Total cow numbers in each herd were 30, 35, 36, and 42 for Holstein-Friesians milked once or twice daily, and Jerseys milked once or twice daily, respectively. Forty hectares of pasture were subdivided into 4 smaller pastures of 10 ha each. Stocking rates for the once-daily herds were 16.7% greater than the twice-daily herd in their respective breed. An increased stocking rate was chosen to achieve equal milk and MS per ha from the 2 milking frequencies. Annual milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields per cow were less for once-daily than for twice-daily milking. Interactions were detected between milking frequency and breed for annual milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields per cow, because Jerseys were relatively less affected by once-daily than by twice-daily milking than Holstein-Friesians. Holstein-Friesian cows milked once daily produced 31.2% less milk and 29.4% less MS per cow than their twice-daily counterparts. In contrast, Jersey cows milked once daily produced 22.1% less milk and 19.9% less MS per cow than their twice-daily counterparts. Milk per ha was 17.7 and 9% less for the once-daily Holstein-Friesians and once-daily Jersey herds, respectively, compared with their twice-daily counterparts, because the greater stocking rate for the once-daily herds did not fully compensate for the milk loss per cow. Milking once daily increased somatic cell count throughout the year in both breeds. Cows milked once daily conceived 3 d earlier, took 5 d less from calving to conception, and needed 11% fewer controlled internal drug release devices than those milked twice daily. Milking once daily is a viable milking option for New Zealand farmers who are prepared to trade-off loss of MS income for increased time to accomplish other non-milking activities.

摘要

本研究的目的是比较挤奶频率(每天一次与每天两次)和品种(荷斯坦-弗里生牛与泽西牛)对牛奶及乳固体(MS;乳脂肪+乳蛋白)、每头奶牛产量、牛奶成分、体细胞计数和泌乳期的影响;以及在4年期间对奶牛体重、体况评分和繁殖性能的影响。对于每天挤奶一次或两次的荷斯坦-弗里生牛,以及每天挤奶一次或两次的泽西牛,每个牛群中的奶牛总数分别为30头、35头、36头和42头。40公顷的牧场被细分为4个面积各为10公顷的较小牧场。在各自品种中,每天挤奶一次的牛群的载畜率比每天挤奶两次的牛群高16.7%。选择较高的载畜率是为了使两种挤奶频率下每公顷的牛奶和MS产量相等。每头奶牛的年牛奶、脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖产量,每天挤奶一次的低于每天挤奶两次的。在每头奶牛的年牛奶、脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖产量方面,检测到挤奶频率和品种之间存在相互作用,因为与荷斯坦-弗里生牛相比,泽西牛受每天挤奶一次的影响相对小于受每天挤奶两次的影响。每天挤奶一次的荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛每头的产奶量比每天挤奶两次的奶牛少31.2%,MS产量少29.4%。相比之下,每天挤奶一次的泽西奶牛每头的产奶量比每天挤奶两次的奶牛少22.1%,MS产量少19.9%。与每天挤奶两次的对应牛群相比,每天挤奶一次的荷斯坦-弗里生牛群和每天挤奶一次的泽西牛群每公顷的产奶量分别少17.7%和9%。这是因为每天挤奶一次的牛群较高的载畜率并未完全弥补每头奶牛的产奶量损失。在两个品种中,每天挤奶一次都会使全年的体细胞计数增加。每天挤奶一次的奶牛受孕早3天,从产犊到受孕所需时间少5天,并且与每天挤奶两次的奶牛相比,所需的控制内部药物释放装置少11%。对于准备用MS收入损失来换取更多时间进行其他非挤奶活动的新西兰农民来说,每天挤奶一次是一种可行的挤奶选择。

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