Budney Alan J, Hughes John R
Center for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2006 May;19(3):233-8. doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000218592.00689.e5.
The demand for treatment for cannabis dependence has grown dramatically. The majority of the people who enter the treatment have difficulty in achieving and maintaining abstinence from cannabis. Understanding the impact of cannabis withdrawal syndrome on quit attempts is of obvious importance. Cannabis, however, has long been considered a 'soft' drug, and many continue to question whether one can truly become dependent on cannabis. Skepticism is typically focused on whether cannabis use can result in 'physiological' dependence or withdrawal, and whether withdrawal is of clinical importance.
The neurobiological basis for cannabis withdrawal has been established via discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, identification of cannabinoid receptors, and demonstrations of precipitated withdrawal with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Laboratory studies have established the reliability, validity, and time course of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome and have begun to explore the effect of various medications on such withdrawal. Reports from clinical samples indicate that the syndrome is common among treatment seekers.
A clinically important withdrawal syndrome associated with cannabis dependence has been established. Additional research must determine how cannabis withdrawal affects cessation attempts and the best way to treat its symptoms.
对大麻依赖治疗的需求急剧增长。大多数接受治疗的人在实现并维持大麻戒断方面存在困难。了解大麻戒断综合征对戒烟尝试的影响显然至关重要。然而，长期以来大麻一直被视为一种“软性”毒品，许多人仍然质疑一个人是否真的会对大麻产生依赖。怀疑通常集中在大麻使用是否会导致“生理”依赖或戒断，以及戒断是否具有临床重要性。
通过发现内源性大麻素系统、鉴定大麻素受体以及用大麻素受体拮抗剂证明诱发戒断，已确立了大麻戒断的神经生物学基础。实验室研究已确立了大麻戒断综合征的可靠性、有效性和时间进程，并已开始探索各种药物对这种戒断的影响。临床样本报告表明，该综合征在寻求治疗者中很常见。
已确立一种与大麻依赖相关的具有临床重要性的戒断综合征。进一步的研究必须确定大麻戒断如何影响戒烟尝试以及治疗其症状的最佳方法。
