Rowe Locke, Day Troy
Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006 Feb 28;361(1466):277-85. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1788.
We begin by providing an operational definition of sexual conflict that applies to both inter- and intralocus conflict. Using this definition, we examine a series of simple coevolutionary models to elucidate fruitful approaches for detecting interlocus sexual conflict and resultant sexually antagonistic coevolution. We then use published empirical examples to illustrate the utility of these approaches. Three relevant attributes emerge. First, the dynamics of sexually antagonistic coevolution may obscure the conflict itself. Second, competing models of inter-sexual coevolution may yield similar population patterns near equilibria. Third, a variety of evolutionary forces underlying competing models may be acting simultaneously near equilibria. One main conclusion is that studies of emergent patterns in extant populations (e.g. studies of population and/or female fitness) are unlikely to allow us to distinguish among competing coevolutionary models. Instead, we need more research aimed at identifying the forces of selection acting on shared traits and sexually antagonistic traits. More specifically, we need a greater number of functional studies of female traits as well as studies of the consequences of both male and female traits for female fitness. A mix of selection and manipulative studies on these is likely the most promising route.
我们首先给出一个适用于基因间和基因内冲突的性冲突的操作性定义。利用这个定义，我们研究了一系列简单的协同进化模型，以阐明检测基因间性冲突及由此产生的性对抗协同进化的有效方法。然后，我们用已发表的实证例子来说明这些方法的实用性。出现了三个相关属性。第一，性对抗协同进化的动态过程可能会掩盖冲突本身。第二，两性间协同进化的竞争模型在平衡状态附近可能产生相似的种群模式。第三，竞争模型背后的各种进化力量在平衡状态附近可能同时起作用。一个主要结论是，对现存种群中出现的模式进行研究（例如对种群和/或雌性适合度的研究）不太可能使我们区分竞争的协同进化模型。相反，我们需要更多旨在识别作用于共享性状和性对抗性状的选择力量的研究。更具体地说，我们需要对雌性性状进行更多的功能研究，以及对雄性和雌性性状对雌性适合度的影响进行研究。对这些进行选择和操纵研究相结合可能是最有前途的途径。
