Sullivan Elinor L, Koegler Frank H, Cameron Judy L
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Sep;291(3):R633-42. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2006. Epub 2006 Apr 13.
The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of weight gain, so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult weight gain are linked to an individual's activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female rhesus monkeys. Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant weight gain (5.5 +/- 0.88%; t =-6.3, df = 17, P < 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with weight gain. Activity level correlated with weight gain (r = -0.52, P = 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys (t = -2.74, df = 8, P = 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with weight gain, and there was no difference in weight gain between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.
超重成年人患病率的增加会带来严重的健康后果。流行病学研究表明低运动量与超重之间存在关联；然而，很少有研究客观地测量体重增加期间的运动量，因此尚不清楚低运动量是超重的原因还是结果。为了确定成年体重增加的个体差异是否与个体的活动水平有关，我们通过加速度计在18只成年雌性恒河猴身上长期（9个月）测量了活动量。首先在3个月的时间内监测体重、食物摄入量、代谢率和活动量。在此期间，体重有轻微但显著的增加（5.5±0.88%；t=-6.3，自由度=17，P<0.0001），而热量摄入和活动量保持稳定。正如预期的那样，代谢率随着体重增加而升高。活动水平与体重增加相关（r=-0.52，P=0.04），最活跃的猴子比最不活跃的猴子体重增加得少（t=-2.74，自由度=8，P=0.03）。此外，最活跃和最不活跃的猴子之间的活动量相差八倍，每只猴子的初始活动量与9个月后的活动量高度相关（r=0.85，P<0.0001）。相比之下，食物摄入量与体重增加无关，热量摄入量、总代谢率或基础代谢率最高与最低的猴子之间体重增加没有差异。我们得出结论，身体活动是成年期体重变化的一个特别重要的因素，而且个体之间的身体活动存在很大但稳定的差异。
