Lequesne Michel, Zaoui Afif
Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Léopold Bellan, Paris.
Presse Med. 2006 Apr;35(4 Pt 2):663-8. doi: 10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74660-7.
Proximal arterial stenosis (bifurcation of the aortic, common iliac and especially hypogastric or hip arteries) can cause misleading 'hip' or buttock pain (two thirds of these cases involve the area of the trochanter, groin, or thigh). Their essential characteristic is that they cause patients to stop walking, improve in a minute or two and reappear when the patient starts walking again. Neither articular complications nor periarthritis of the hip fit this pattern, and physical examination and imaging exclude them. Neurogenic intermittent claudication is more difficult to rule out: it is 'often accompanied by paresthesia and anteflexion of the trunk to relieve the pain. A radiologic image of lumbar canal stenosis alone does not indicate that it is responsible for the pain: the stenosis may be asymptomatic and only fortuitously associated with the pain. The usual reduction in femoral pulse or ankle pressure index is absent if the stenosis is located on the hypogastric or gluteal artery and there is not substantial damage to the aorta-iliac axis. Arterial stenosis is confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. Arteriography is an examination performed during treatment, to guide angioplasty. It is indicated when medical treatment fails, as it frequently does.
近端动脉狭窄(主动脉、髂总动脉分叉处,尤其是腹下动脉或臀部动脉)可引起误导性的“髋部”或臀部疼痛(其中三分之二的病例涉及转子、腹股沟或大腿区域)。其基本特征是,它们会导致患者停止行走,一到两分钟后症状改善,而当患者再次开始行走时症状又会出现。髋部的关节并发症或髋周关节炎均不符合这种模式,体格检查和影像学检查可排除这些情况。神经源性间歇性跛行更难排除:它“常伴有感觉异常以及躯干前屈以缓解疼痛。仅腰椎管狭窄的影像学表现并不表明它是疼痛的原因:狭窄可能是无症状的,只是偶然与疼痛相关。如果狭窄位于腹下动脉或臀动脉,且主动脉-髂动脉轴没有实质性损伤,则通常不会出现股动脉搏动或踝压指数降低的情况。通过多普勒超声可确诊动脉狭窄。动脉造影是在治疗期间进行的一项检查,用于指导血管成形术。当药物治疗如经常出现的那样失败时,就需要进行动脉造影检查。